lecture 1

Question 1

first major tenant of natural selection

Answer 1

everyone is born with slight variation

Question 2

2nd major tenant of natural selection

Answer 2

the variation can be neutral, advantageous, or harmful

Question 3

3rd major tenant of natural selection

Answer 3

animals with advantageous trait will breed successfully and pass trait to offspring

Question 4

4th major tenant of natural selection

Answer 4

those most fit for their environment will survive while others that cant keep up die off

Question 5

5th major tenant of natural selection

Answer 5

the variations, as they occur over many generations, will give rise to new species

Question 6

releaser

Answer 6

stimulus from an animal to another which causes a particular response

Question 7

proximate causation

Answer 7

immediate cause of a behavior such as hormones, muscles, nerves, or stimuli which causes a certain reaction

Question 8

ultimate causation

Answer 8

overarching reason why a behavior is an advantage to an animal and may be an evolutionary benefit

Question 9

instinct

Answer 9

a behavior that appears in its full form on its first expression often triggered by a releaser

gene based behavior

Question 10

Nikki Timbergen

Answer 10

studied instinct

found gull chick pecks at red spot on bill to induce feeding

Question 11

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 11

studied instinct and founded imprinting

raised geese chicks like a mother and they thought he was their mother

Question 12

Von Frisch

Answer 12

studied honeybees and how they found honey and a way home

won Nobel Peace Prize in 1973

Question 13

Fitness

Answer 13

ability for an animal to survive, mate, and pass on genetic material 1

Question 14

Supernormal releaser

Answer 14

artificial stimulus that causes a stronger response in an animal than a natural stimulus it resembles

Question 15

Ethology

Answer 15

function and evolution of a behavior

Question 16

Evolutionary trend

Answer 16

trend that involves a trait that often undergoes small changes that is carried on many generations and has a benefit. When it stops being beneficial, it stops.

Question 17

Conditions of Adaptive Radiation

Answer 17

1. group enters congenial environment
2. few feeding predators
3. animal reproduces and moves to different environments
4. evolve to different species and/or subspecies that fill different niches

Question 18

Adaptation

Answer 18

an inherited physical trait that provides more fitness advantages than other competing traits