LECTURE 2

Question 1

all cells of a plant develop from

Answer 1

zygote

Question 2

development is the sum two processes:

Answer 2

growth
differentiation

Question 3

defined as an irreversible permanent incase in size, volume, or mass of a cell or whole organism

Answer 3

growth

Question 4

characteristics of growth

Answer 4

cellular growth
cell division
cell expansion
cellular differentiation

Question 5

extend roots and shoots by giving rise to the primary plant body

Answer 5

apical meristem

Question 6

add girth by producing secondary vascular tissue and periderm

Answer 6

lateral meristem

Question 7

measurement of growth

Answer 7

increase in length or growth
increase in area or volume
increase in the number of cells

Question 8

after mitotic cell division, only one daughter cell continues to divide while others differentiate or mature

Answer 8

arithmetic growth

Question 9

initial growth is slow

Answer 9

lag phase

Question 10

rapid increase in growth

Answer 10

log/exponential phase

Question 11

growth slows down

Answer 11

stationary phase

Question 12

has lag phase, exponential phase, and stationary phase

Answer 12

geometric growth

Question 13

the shoot apical meristem repetitively forms units known as _________. each ________ consists of one or more leaves

Answer 13

phytomeres

Question 14

a program in which the function of organ or whole plant naturally declines to death

Answer 14

senescence

Question 15

the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

Answer 15

cell differentiation

Question 16

cells mature to perform specific functions

Answer 16

differentiation

Question 17

cells mature to perform specific functions; structure of cells changes to perform specific functions

Answer 17

differentiation

Question 18

an important biological phenomenon whereby cells regress from a specialized function to a simpler state reminiscent of stem cells

Answer 18

dedifferentiation

Question 19

new cells produced again lose the power of division and become a part of permanent tissue

Answer 19

redifferentiation

Question 20

term that includes all changes that an organism goes through during its life cycle from germination of the seed to senescence

Answer 20

development

Question 21

ability of plant to follow different pathways and produce different structures in response to environment and phases

Answer 21

plasticity

Question 22

phenomenon of appearance of different forms of leaves on the same plant is called

Answer 22

heterophylly

Question 23

growth promoters

Answer 23

auxins
gibberellins
cytokinins

Question 24

growth inhibitors

Answer 24

abscisic acid

Question 25

growth inhibitors

Answer 25

abscisic acid
ethylene

Question 26

phytohormones

Answer 26

auxins
gibberelins
cytokinins
abscisic acid
ethylene

Question 27

discovered by Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin

Answer 27

auxins

Question 28

discovered by E. Kurosawa, present in fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikoroi

Answer 28

Gibberelllins

Question 29

discovered by Skoog and Miller

Answer 29

cytokinins

Question 30

Cousins confirmed the release of volatile substances from ripened oranges that hastened the ripening of stored unripened banans

Answer 30

ethylene