LECTURE 2 Flashcards
all cells of a plant develop from
zygote
development is the sum two processes:
growth
differentiation
defined as an irreversible permanent incase in size, volume, or mass of a cell or whole organism
growth
characteristics of growth
cellular growth
cell division
cell expansion
cellular differentiation
extend roots and shoots by giving rise to the primary plant body
apical meristem
add girth by producing secondary vascular tissue and periderm
lateral meristem
measurement of growth
increase in length or growth
increase in area or volume
increase in the number of cells
after mitotic cell division, only one daughter cell continues to divide while others differentiate or mature
arithmetic growth
initial growth is slow
lag phase
rapid increase in growth
log/exponential phase
growth slows down
stationary phase
has lag phase, exponential phase, and stationary phase
geometric growth
the shoot apical meristem repetitively forms units known as _________. each ________ consists of one or more leaves
phytomeres
a program in which the function of organ or whole plant naturally declines to death
senescence
the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
cell differentiation
cells mature to perform specific functions
differentiation
cells mature to perform specific functions; structure of cells changes to perform specific functions
differentiation
an important biological phenomenon whereby cells regress from a specialized function to a simpler state reminiscent of stem cells
dedifferentiation
new cells produced again lose the power of division and become a part of permanent tissue
redifferentiation
term that includes all changes that an organism goes through during its life cycle from germination of the seed to senescence
development
ability of plant to follow different pathways and produce different structures in response to environment and phases
plasticity
phenomenon of appearance of different forms of leaves on the same plant is called
heterophylly
growth promoters
auxins
gibberellins
cytokinins
growth inhibitors
abscisic acid
growth inhibitors
abscisic acid
ethylene
phytohormones
auxins
gibberelins
cytokinins
abscisic acid
ethylene
discovered by Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin
auxins
discovered by E. Kurosawa, present in fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikoroi
Gibberelllins
discovered by Skoog and Miller
cytokinins
Cousins confirmed the release of volatile substances from ripened oranges that hastened the ripening of stored unripened banans
ethylene
