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Periodontics > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

Healthy Periodontium

1
Q

histology

A

the study of the microscopic structures of tissue

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2
Q

taking a closer look at the microscopic anatomy of the periodontium will give us a better understanding of

A

how the periodontium functions in health
changes that occur to the periodontium during the disease process

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3
Q

microscopic anatomy of a tissue

A

cells: smallest structural unit of living matter
tissue: group of interconnected cells
4 types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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4
Q

tissues of the periodontium

A

gingiva
periodontal ligament
cementum
alveolar bone

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5
Q

extracellular matrix consists of

A

ground substance: gel-like substance surrounding tissue cells, nerves, blood vessels
fibers: collagen, elastin and reticular fibers

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6
Q

the extracellular matrix provides

A

a framework giving connective tissue its strength to withstand mechanical forces

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7
Q

the gingiva in health

A

stippled/attached gingiva tightly anchored to teeth and underlying bone

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8
Q

the gingiva consists of both

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue

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9
Q

epithelial tissue

A

outer surface of skin
lines body cavities such as mouth, stomach, intestines
does not contain blood vessels

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10
Q

what is made of stratified squamous epithelium

A

skin and oral mucosa

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11
Q

stratified squamous epithelium is made of what cells

A

flat cells arranged in several layers

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12
Q

gingival epithelium consists of

A

oral epithelium
sulcular epithelium
junctional epithelium

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13
Q

oral epithelium

A

outer gingival epithelium
covers free and attached gingiva
gingival margin to MGJ
only part of the periodontium clinically visible
protective function so typically keratinized/parakeratinized
joins CT in a wavy interface via rete pegs

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14
Q

sulcular epithelium

A

faces the tooth surface without contact
lines gingival sulcus (1-3mm)
gingival margin to the coronal edge of JE
thin (3 layers), non-keratinized (softer more flexible)
in health: smooth interface with CT
permeable to bacterial products and gingival crevicular fluid from CT

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15
Q

junctional epithelium

A

forms base of sulcus and attaches the gingiva to the tooth surface
in health slightly coronal to CEJ
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
smooth interface with CT in health
barrier between biofilm and CT

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16
Q

basal lamina

A

thin layer of extracellular matrix providing attachment of epithelial cells to adjacent structures
OE to connective tissue
SE to CT
JE to CT and tooth surface: internal basal lamina (tooth), external basal lamina (CT)

17
Q

gingival connective tissue

A

more extracellular matrix with less cells
cells include: fibroblasts, mast, immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes)
blood vessels and nerve supply
mostly collagen fibers (60%) produced by fibroblasts

18
Q

gingival connective tissue fibers

A

classification based on their orientations, insertion points, connecting structures
circular: encircle tooth
dentogingival: cementum into gingiva
dentoperiosteal: cementum into periosteum
alveologingival: periosteum into gingiva
transeptal: IP between adjacent teeth

19
Q

the attachment apparatus

A

periodontal ligament
cementum
alveolar process

20
Q

functions of the PDL

A

supportive: anchors tooth in socket
sensory: nerve fibers transmit tactile, pressure and pain sensations
transports nutrients
tissue development and maintenance

21
Q

periodontal ligament

A

rich nerve and blood supply
thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue

22
Q

components of the PDL

A

cellular element: fibroblasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts, cementoblasts/cementoclasts

extracellular matrix: collagenous fibers: largest component of the PDL

23
Q

sharpey fibers

A

terminal portions of the principal fibers embedded in cementum and bone

24
Q

cementum

A

mineralized layer of connective tissue
no blood or nerve supply

25
Q

components of cementum

A

cells (cementoblasts/fibroblasts)
extracellular ground substance (collagen fibers, mineralized portion)
calcium + phosphate (hydroxyapatite crystals)

26
Q

types of cementum

A

acellular (primary): forms before tooth eruption, coronal + middle 1/3 of root, no production during life of tooth, no living cells)

cellular (secondary): apical 1/3 of root + furcations, less calcified, contains cementoblasts/fibroblasts, deposited throughout life of tooth and increase in thickness with age

27
Q

alveolar process is composed of

A

mineralized connective tissue
external cortical plates
alveolar bone proper: inner socket wall
cancellous/trabecular/bone

28
Q

alveolar process functions

A

protection: for the roots of teeth
remodels: in response to mechanical forces or inflammation

29
Q

components of the alveolar process

A

cells: osteoblasts (synthesize), osteoclasts (resorb)
extracellular matrix: collagen fibers, gel matrix (rigid B/C of hydroxyapatite)

has blood vessels and nerve innervation

30
Q

blood supply to the periodontium how and via what arteries

A

transport oxygen and nutrients/remove carbon dioxide and waste products
via major alveolar arteries: superior alveolar arteries (max), inferior alveolar arteries (mand)

31
Q

branch arteries function

A

supply blood to the teeth and periodontium

32
Q

branch arteries

A

intraseptal artery: enters socket
supraperiosteal blood vessels: free gingiva
subepithelial plexus: in CT beneath free and attached gingiva
PDL vessels: PDL
dentogingival plexus: network of blood vessels in CT beneath gingival sulcus

33
Q

a fine network of vessels supplies blood to

A

the gingiva, gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament

34
Q

the rich blood supply to the gingiva accounts for

A

the dramatic color changes that are seen in gingivitis

Periodontics (11 decks)

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