Lecture 1

Question 1

periodontology

Answer 1

the study of the supporting structures of the teeth referred to as the periodontium

Question 2

the periodontium exists in 3 different states

Answer 2

health
gingivitis
periodontitis

Question 3

tissues of the periodontium

Answer 3

gingiva
cementum
periodontal ligament
alveolar bone

Question 4

macroanatomy

Answer 4

clinical and radiographic features

Question 5

microanatomy

Answer 5

histologic features (microscopic structures)

Question 6

gingiva

Answer 6

part of the oral mucosa that surrounds the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar process of the jaw

Question 7

anatomical areas of the gingiva

Answer 7

free gingiva
gingival sulcus
interdental papilla
attached gingiva

Question 8

function of gingiva

Answer 8

protects underlying periodontium

Question 9

boundaries of gingiva

Answer 9

gingival margin to the alveolar mucosa indicated by the mucogingival junction MGJ

Question 10

gingival width

Answer 10

the area measured from the gingival margin to the MGJ

Question 11

free gingiva

Answer 11

the unattached portion of the gingiva
surrounds the tooth like a turtleneck
space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface is the gingival sulcus

Question 12

gingival sulcus

Answer 12

space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface
normal depth is 1-3mm
coronal boundary is the gingival margin
base is formed by the junctional epithelium
contains gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

Question 13

when does gingival crevicular fluid increase

Answer 13

in the presence of plaque biofilm resulting in gingival inflammation

Question 14

interdental papilla IP

Answer 14

fills the interdental embrasure between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area
consists of a facial and lingual papilla connected by the gingival col apical to the contact area
lateral borders formed by the free gingiva
prevents food impaction
shape depends on width of tooth contacts (no contact-blunted, narrow contact-pyramid)

Question 15

attached gingiva AG

Answer 15

lies between the free gingival groove and the alveolar mucosa clinically indicated by the mucogingival junction
keratinized: protective, fibrous structural protein protecting epithelial cells during mastication
firmly connected to the cementum and the periostem of the alveolar bone

Question 16

attached gingiva on facial and on lingual

Answer 16

facial
widest on incisors and molars
narrowest on canine and bicuspids
lingual
widest on molars
narrowest on incisors

Question 17

alveolar mucosa

Answer 17

apical to the MGJ
epithelium is thinner and nonkeratinized
loosely connected to underlying tissues

Question 18

cementum

Answer 18

hard, mineralized connective tissue covering the root surface
overlies dentin
light yellow
softer than dentin and enamel
more resistant to resorption than bone
typically not visible on radiographs

Question 19

functions of cementum

Answer 19

provides attachment for the collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament
protects dentin and seals open dentinal tubules
compensates for tooth wear due to attrition by forming at the apical area of the root

Question 20

periodontal ligament

Answer 20

a layer of soft connective tissue covering the root surface of the tooth
connects root to the tooth via cementum to the alveolar bone of the tooth socket

Question 21

functions of periodontal ligament

Answer 21

support of the tooth in socket
sensory feeling to the tooth
nutrients to cementum and bone
formative- builds and maintains cementum and bone
resorptive- can remodel alveolar bone

Question 22

PDL space radiographically

Answer 22

radiolucent
0.1-0.25 mm wide
narrowest near middle of root
increased width with increased function

Question 23

alveolar bone

Answer 23

portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth sockets
provides anchorage for roots
existence depends on presence of teeth

Question 24

alveolar bone should be how many mm from CEJ in health

Answer 24

1-2

Question 25

components of the alveolar process

Answer 25

alveolar bone proper
cortical bone
cancellous bone
interdental septum

Question 26

alveolar bone proper

Answer 26

thin, compact, dense bone lining the alveolus or tooth socket
provides attachment for PDL
perforated by many neurovascular canals
radiographically known as the lamina dura

Question 27

cortical bone

Answer 27

compact, dense bone
forms facial and lingual cortical plates
gives support to the socket
not seen radiographically

Question 28

thickness and morphology of cortical bone depending on tooth position

Answer 28

thinner from incisors to biscuspids
thicker in molar regions

Question 29

the cortical bone is covered by the

Answer 29

periosteum (a thin layer of vascularized/sensory connective tissue)

Question 30

cancellous bone

Answer 30

spongy bone, lacelike
fills interior portion of the alveolar process between the alveolar bone proper and the cortical bone
visible radiographically

Question 31

interdental septum

Answer 31

portion of the alveolar process between the roots of adjacent teeth
interdental bony crest (IBC) is the coronal portion of the interdental septum

Question 32

interdental bony crest (IBC)

Answer 32

coronal portion of the interdental septum
important in perio
shape is dependent on the relative alignment of the CEJs of adjacent teeth and the morphology of the IP contacts
IBC is narrower in ant
IBD is broader in post

Question 33

healthy interdental bony crest

Answer 33

1-2mm apical to CEJ
parallel to adjacent CEJ
sharp, pointed corners
crest is corticated (outlined in dense bone)