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102 Fungal Biology & Diversity > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do fungi differ in from other eukaryotes

A
  • nutritional mode
  • structural organization (hyphae)
  • reproduction
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2
Q

true or false; fungi are not a kind of plant

A

true

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3
Q

true of false; fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants

A

true

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4
Q

Describe biodiversity

A

flora, fauna, fungi

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5
Q

What are the 5 phyla of the kingdom fungi

A
  • Chytridiomycetes (Chytrids)
  • Zygomycetes
  • Glomeromycetes
  • Ascomycetes
  • Basidiomycetes
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6
Q

true or false; animals and fungi have a common ancestor

A

true

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7
Q

true or false; the only fungi with motile spores are chytrids

A

true

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8
Q

What are the 3 functions of fungi

A
  1. ) decomposition ( nutrient recycling)
  2. ) plant nutrition (mycorrhizas)
  3. ) cause diseases (plants, fungi, animals, humans)
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9
Q

What are the other 4 function of fungi

A

spoilage
industrial uses
food production
research tools- eg Saccharomyces first genome to be sequenced

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10
Q

What is a fungus

A
  • eukaryotic (multicellular, true nucleus)
  • heterotrophic (do not make their own food)
  • non motile (except chytrids); sessile
  • cell walls containing chitin
  • reproduction (ads) dispersal, survival , adaptation
  • mainly haploid
  • many terrestrial habit (some aquatic)
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11
Q

What are the types of heterotrophs

A
  1. ) Saprobes
  2. ) Parasites/ Pathogens
  3. ) Mutualistic symbionts
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12
Q

What is a saprobe

A

feed and live in/on dead organic matter (nutrient recycling eg. wood rotting fungi, bread mold)

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13
Q

What are pathogen/parasites

A

kill or cause harm to living host (plant, animal, or other fungus), causing disease (mildew, rust, tinea)

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14
Q

What are mutualistic symbionts

A

mutual benefit to host and fungus (lichens and mycorrhizals)

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15
Q

How do fungi feed

A
  • hyphae
  • secrete enzymes
  • extra-cellular digestion of food
  • fungus absorbs nutrients
  • causes soft rotting ahead of fungus
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16
Q

What form are fungus mostly

A

filamentous

17
Q

What type of cell wall do fungi have

A
  • fungal cell walls contain chitin as the major ‘polysaccharide’ component; plants have cellulose
18
Q

where is chitin also found

A

insect exoskeleton

19
Q

how do yeasts reproduce

A

budding off

- single celled

20
Q

What are hyphae

A

tubular filaments

21
Q

what is a mycelium

A

mass of hyphae

22
Q

What is mycology

A

study of fungi

23
Q

what causes dandruff

A

Malassezia fungus

24
Q

true or false; hyphae form both vegetative (mycelium) and reproductive stages (fruiting bodies)

A

true

25
Q

What to hyphal characters vary in

A

nuclear content and septation with different fungal phyla

26
Q

What are coenocytic hyphae

A

= many nuclei in cytoplasm that is not separated into cells by septa (cross walls)

27
Q

What phyla demonstrates coenocytic hyphae

A

zygomycetes

chytridiomycetes (chytrids)

28
Q

What are septate hyphae

A

hyphae with septa (also have pores)

29
Q

true or false; some parasitic fungi have modified hyphal structures (haustoria)

A

true

30
Q

What is haustoria (haustorium (single))

A

nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that penetrate the tissues of their host

31
Q

true or false; some fungi even have hyphae adapted to prey on tiny animals like nematodes

A

true

32
Q

how does a hypha grow

A
  • extension by hyphal tip
  • grow mostly through food
  • thin, long tube
33
Q

true or false; hyphae have high surface area to volume ratio; eg. 10cm^3 soil may have 300cm^3 of hyphae

A

true

34
Q

true or false; hyphae are ideally adapted to absorb food

A

true

102 Fungal Biology & Diversity (7 decks)

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