Lecture 2 Flashcards
What do fungi differ in from other eukaryotes
- nutritional mode
- structural organization (hyphae)
- reproduction
true or false; fungi are not a kind of plant
true
true of false; fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants
true
Describe biodiversity
flora, fauna, fungi
What are the 5 phyla of the kingdom fungi
- Chytridiomycetes (Chytrids)
- Zygomycetes
- Glomeromycetes
- Ascomycetes
- Basidiomycetes
true or false; animals and fungi have a common ancestor
true
true or false; the only fungi with motile spores are chytrids
true
What are the 3 functions of fungi
- ) decomposition ( nutrient recycling)
- ) plant nutrition (mycorrhizas)
- ) cause diseases (plants, fungi, animals, humans)
What are the other 4 function of fungi
spoilage
industrial uses
food production
research tools- eg Saccharomyces first genome to be sequenced
What is a fungus
- eukaryotic (multicellular, true nucleus)
- heterotrophic (do not make their own food)
- non motile (except chytrids); sessile
- cell walls containing chitin
- reproduction (ads) dispersal, survival , adaptation
- mainly haploid
- many terrestrial habit (some aquatic)
What are the types of heterotrophs
- ) Saprobes
- ) Parasites/ Pathogens
- ) Mutualistic symbionts
What is a saprobe
feed and live in/on dead organic matter (nutrient recycling eg. wood rotting fungi, bread mold)
What are pathogen/parasites
kill or cause harm to living host (plant, animal, or other fungus), causing disease (mildew, rust, tinea)
What are mutualistic symbionts
mutual benefit to host and fungus (lichens and mycorrhizals)
How do fungi feed
- hyphae
- secrete enzymes
- extra-cellular digestion of food
- fungus absorbs nutrients
- causes soft rotting ahead of fungus
What form are fungus mostly
filamentous
What type of cell wall do fungi have
- fungal cell walls contain chitin as the major ‘polysaccharide’ component; plants have cellulose
where is chitin also found
insect exoskeleton
how do yeasts reproduce
budding off
- single celled
What are hyphae
tubular filaments
what is a mycelium
mass of hyphae
What is mycology
study of fungi
what causes dandruff
Malassezia fungus
true or false; hyphae form both vegetative (mycelium) and reproductive stages (fruiting bodies)
true
What to hyphal characters vary in
nuclear content and septation with different fungal phyla
What are coenocytic hyphae
= many nuclei in cytoplasm that is not separated into cells by septa (cross walls)
What phyla demonstrates coenocytic hyphae
zygomycetes
chytridiomycetes (chytrids)
What are septate hyphae
hyphae with septa (also have pores)
true or false; some parasitic fungi have modified hyphal structures (haustoria)
true
What is haustoria (haustorium (single))
nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that penetrate the tissues of their host
true or false; some fungi even have hyphae adapted to prey on tiny animals like nematodes
true
how does a hypha grow
- extension by hyphal tip
- grow mostly through food
- thin, long tube
true or false; hyphae have high surface area to volume ratio; eg. 10cm^3 soil may have 300cm^3 of hyphae
true
true or false; hyphae are ideally adapted to absorb food
true
