Lecture 1 Flashcards
examples of Fungi importance of fungi - name some different kinds of fungi - personal 'encounters' of a fungal kind - examples of how fungi impact human society
What can fungi be used for
- decomposers
- food production
- industrial uses, medicine
- disease
- spoilage
Define mycology
the study of fungi
Define fungus (sing); fungi(plu); fungal(adj)
- chitin (cell wall)
- heterotrophic ( feed by absorption)
- sessile
- multicellular
- lack chlorophyll
- eukaryote
Define mycelium (sing); mycelia (many); mycelial (adj)
the mass of hyphae forming the body of a fungus, oomycete or chytrid
Define hypha (sing); hyphae (many); hyphal (adj)
A single tubular filament of a fungus, oomycete, or chytrid, the hyphae together comprises the mycelium
What are spores
a reproductive cell, usually unicellular, capable of developing into an adult without fusion with another cell
What are cup fungi
fungi that are cup shaped
- usually belonging to phyla Ascomycota
What are earth stars
- belong to Gasteromycetes
- can move
- stomach shaped sac filled with dry spores
- closely related to puffballs
What are puff balls
- grouped in Basidiomycota
- do not have an open cap
- spores produced internally in gasterothecium
What are stink horns
- fruiting body covered with foul smelling slime
- fruiting body arises from an “egg”
- spores are spread by insects (eg. flies; attracted to their foul smell)
What are bird’s nest fungi
- Nidulariaceae
- splash cups
- “eggs” contain spores (peridiole capsules)
- sawdust, dung, wood, etc..
What are lichens
A mutualistic symbiotic association between fungus and a population of unicellular or filamentous algal or cyanobacterial cells
- polyphyletic
- 98% ascomycetes
What is a mycorrhiza
intimate and mutually beneficial symbiotic associations between fungi and roots
- characteristic of most vascular plants
Define saprophyte
An organism that secures its food directly from non-living matter; also called saprobe
what are Chytridiomycetes (Chytrids)
- predominantly aquatic
- flagellated, motile reproductive cells
- aseptate (mostly)
- have both saprotrophic and parasitic species
What are Zygomycetes
- mostly coenocytic hyphae
- asexual spores mostly formed in sporangia
- sporangia are sac like structures in which entire contents are converted to spores
- form resting spores called zygospores; during sexual reproduction (develop within zygosporangia)
What are Ascomycetes
- have either unicellular or filamentous growth forms
- ascus (sac like structure in which sexual spores known as ascospores develop)
( form ascospores internally in asci)
What are Basidiomycetes
- form basidiospores, borne externally on basidia
- have basidium
- each basidium produces 4 basidiospores
- basidium is produces on dikaryotic hypha and is the structure where meiosis occurs
Where are fungi found
deep down in the ocean, lakes, rocks, deserts, very salty environments, and areas of extremely high or low temperatures
What are three types of ways fungi feed
Saprophyte
symbiont
parasitic
What are fungi used for
eating bread wine beer cheese tofu marmite biomedical applications - antibiotics (penicillin) - anti-cancer compounds - cyclosporine: anti-rejection agents in organ transplants
What is cyclosporine
anti-rejection agents in organ transplants
true or false; the division of fungi are based on the spore producing structure
true
What equipment do fungi damage
- camera lenses
- clothes
- mould in bathroom and fridge
- dry rot in houses
- leaky buildings
what are examples of plant diseases caused by fungi
mildew
What are examples of human diseases caused by fungi
thrush
athlete’s foot
true or false; fungi is NOT a plant
true
