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102 Fungal Biology & Diversity > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

examples of Fungi importance of fungi - name some different kinds of fungi - personal 'encounters' of a fungal kind - examples of how fungi impact human society

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1
Q

What can fungi be used for

A
  • decomposers
  • food production
  • industrial uses, medicine
  • disease
  • spoilage
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2
Q

Define mycology

A

the study of fungi

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3
Q

Define fungus (sing); fungi(plu); fungal(adj)

A
  • chitin (cell wall)
  • heterotrophic ( feed by absorption)
  • sessile
  • multicellular
  • lack chlorophyll
  • eukaryote
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4
Q

Define mycelium (sing); mycelia (many); mycelial (adj)

A

the mass of hyphae forming the body of a fungus, oomycete or chytrid

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5
Q

Define hypha (sing); hyphae (many); hyphal (adj)

A

A single tubular filament of a fungus, oomycete, or chytrid, the hyphae together comprises the mycelium

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6
Q

What are spores

A

a reproductive cell, usually unicellular, capable of developing into an adult without fusion with another cell

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7
Q

What are cup fungi

A

fungi that are cup shaped

- usually belonging to phyla Ascomycota

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8
Q

What are earth stars

A
  • belong to Gasteromycetes
  • can move
  • stomach shaped sac filled with dry spores
  • closely related to puffballs
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9
Q

What are puff balls

A
  • grouped in Basidiomycota
  • do not have an open cap
  • spores produced internally in gasterothecium
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10
Q

What are stink horns

A
  • fruiting body covered with foul smelling slime
  • fruiting body arises from an “egg”
  • spores are spread by insects (eg. flies; attracted to their foul smell)
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11
Q

What are bird’s nest fungi

A
  • Nidulariaceae
  • splash cups
  • “eggs” contain spores (peridiole capsules)
  • sawdust, dung, wood, etc..
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12
Q

What are lichens

A

A mutualistic symbiotic association between fungus and a population of unicellular or filamentous algal or cyanobacterial cells

  • polyphyletic
  • 98% ascomycetes
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13
Q

What is a mycorrhiza

A

intimate and mutually beneficial symbiotic associations between fungi and roots

  • characteristic of most vascular plants
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14
Q

Define saprophyte

A

An organism that secures its food directly from non-living matter; also called saprobe

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15
Q

what are Chytridiomycetes (Chytrids)

A
  • predominantly aquatic
  • flagellated, motile reproductive cells
  • aseptate (mostly)
  • have both saprotrophic and parasitic species
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16
Q

What are Zygomycetes

A
  • mostly coenocytic hyphae
  • asexual spores mostly formed in sporangia
  • sporangia are sac like structures in which entire contents are converted to spores
  • form resting spores called zygospores; during sexual reproduction (develop within zygosporangia)
17
Q

What are Ascomycetes

A
  • have either unicellular or filamentous growth forms
  • ascus (sac like structure in which sexual spores known as ascospores develop)
    ( form ascospores internally in asci)
18
Q

What are Basidiomycetes

A
  • form basidiospores, borne externally on basidia
  • have basidium
  • each basidium produces 4 basidiospores
  • basidium is produces on dikaryotic hypha and is the structure where meiosis occurs
19
Q

Where are fungi found

A

deep down in the ocean, lakes, rocks, deserts, very salty environments, and areas of extremely high or low temperatures

20
Q

What are three types of ways fungi feed

A

Saprophyte
symbiont
parasitic

21
Q

What are fungi used for

A 
eating
bread
wine
beer
cheese
tofu 
marmite
biomedical applications
- antibiotics (penicillin)
- anti-cancer compounds
- cyclosporine: anti-rejection agents in organ transplants
22
Q

What is cyclosporine

A

anti-rejection agents in organ transplants

23
Q

true or false; the division of fungi are based on the spore producing structure

A

true

24
Q

What equipment do fungi damage

A
  • camera lenses
  • clothes
  • mould in bathroom and fridge
  • dry rot in houses
  • leaky buildings
25
Q

what are examples of plant diseases caused by fungi

A

mildew

26
Q

What are examples of human diseases caused by fungi

A

thrush

athlete’s foot

27
Q

true or false; fungi is NOT a plant

A

true

102 Fungal Biology & Diversity (7 decks)

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