Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

name 4 types of errors associated with medicine

A

-ordering
-dispensing
-administration
-judgement

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2
Q

ordering errors are ____ based
explain what ordering errors are

A

ordering errors are PRESCRIBER based
there is QUANTITAVITE and QUALITATIVE ordering errors

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3
Q

explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative ordering errors

A

quantitative – anything to do with numbers
ie: dose, body weight, frequency, age, etc

qualitative – wrong drug choice, wrong route of administration

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4
Q

true or false

speaking to the doctor about a potential ordering error is always more beneficial than talking to the patient

A

false – talking to the patient can sometimes be more helpful. drs are busy and sometimes brush off speaking to pharmacist

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5
Q

SMOI protocols are like a document between the ___ and the ____

A

physician and the pharmacists

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6
Q

dispensing errors, most of the time, are ____

A

MISFILLS

giving patient wrong drug or even wrong number of pills

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7
Q

tall man letters are implemented in pharmacies to combat what?

A

the chance of misfills with look a like sound a like drugs

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8
Q

besides misfills, what else could attribute to dispensing errors?

A

transcription and translation of a prescription

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9
Q

what is ISMP

A

institute for safe medication practices.
has a website where medication errors can be reported, relayed to the healthcare community, and appropriate steps be taken through the FDA to prevent the issue from happening again

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10
Q

true or false

immunization is considered a specialized, clinical service

A

TRUE – but it’s so common it’s not really talked about

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11
Q

PS/CMR/MR/CDTM/MTM all have WHAT in common

A

they are specialized clinical services. all have SMOI in common

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12
Q

_____ is considered a retail model
_____ is a hospital/institutional model

A

MTM is considered a retail model
CDTM is a hospital/institutional model

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13
Q

what model is MR part of?

A

not part of any model (ie: retail/hospital)
used if you’re dispensing drugs, regardless of where

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14
Q

MR, though not part of a specific model, is primarily done in a ___ setting

A

hospital

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15
Q

is CDTM regulated and managed by the states or federally?

A

the states

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16
Q

is MR regulated and managed by the states or federally?

A

neither – not part of a practice model. just done primarily in a hospital setting

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17
Q

explain the first word of CDTM

A

CDTM = collaborative drug therapy management

COLLABORATIVE — indicates there’s 2 or more parties

CDTM is an arrangement between 2 – one is a pharmacist and the other is a provider (usually physician, but sometimes NP)

18
Q

is MTM a state or federal model?

19
Q

_______ made MTM/MTMS possible.

20
Q

medicare made _____ a part of MTMS.

21
Q

thanks to medicare, many states have ____ as an independent practice model. why?

A

many states have CMR as an independent practice model. this is so bc medicare made CMR a part of MTMS

22
Q

___ is a HIGHLY specialized clinical service

A

PS – provider status (?)

23
Q

~_____% of all prescriptions are dispensed as generic in today’s day

24
Q

true or false

GS used to be a specialized service, but it’s not anymore

A

TRUE.
generic substitution used to be a specialized service. generics used to not be as common as they are today.
today, we HAVE to fill generic if the DAW is 0.

25
as mentioned, ~85% of prescriptions today are dispensed as generic. before GS was a thing, ~___% were dispensed generic?
~5% generics weren't nearly as common
26
what does DTC stand for
dtc = direct to consumer
27
are biosimilars considered generics?
NO biosimilars are medical products that are ALMOST an identical of the original product
28
in generic substitution, the 2 products are exactly the same except for ___,____, and ____
color, size, and appearance
29
are biologics different from conventional pharmaceutics? explain
YES biologics are made from living cells. this is an evolving area of manufacture and synthesis
30
"clinically highly similar"
biosimilar
31
explain the difference between naming generics and naming biosimilars
we call regular generics by their chemical name (to some extent) biosimilars each have their own brand name because they are NOT exactly the same as the original product. ie: humira has around 6 or 7 different biosimilars, each with their OWN brand name
32
what year did the first biosimilar come out?
2015
33
true or false the first biosimilar came out in 2016. since then, only a few biosimilars have been approved while THOUSANDS of true generics have been approved
FALSE -- 1st biosimilar came out in 2015. rest is true
34
the purple book and orange book are rules for....
substitution
35
the purple book and orange book are publications for what population?
pharmacists
36
which is newer -- the purple book or the orange book? explain
purple book is newer orange book is older purple book = list of biologics and biosimilars orange book = approved regular, conventional drug products and generics
37
is immunization optional for a pharmacist?
technically yes -- it's a specialized clinical service. not forced on pharmD as well as all other acronyms listed (PS/CMR/MR/CDTM/MTM)
38
name the 3 criteria to get certification to perform CDM/MTM etc
1. Academic training (beyond PharmD) -- residency 2. skill based experience: Clinical experience -- 2 years. NOT POSSIBLE IN RETAIL SETTING 3. Lifelong education--continuing education. called CE credits/hours. in NY, minimum is 45 credits every 3 years, but may require additional hours to be one of the things above ^^^
39
today, how do most pharmacists get paid for providing clinical services? what is the exception
INDIRECTLY through the physician. physician gets paid 1st, then pharmacist exception = states with provider status. recognize pharmacists as providers
40
what is common to ALL pharmacist specialized programs
SMOI selection, modification, order, interpret
41
explain how a pharmacist can do the "M" of SMOI
modify -- TS/TI/GS
42