LECTURE 2

Question 1

cells can become committed to following a particular developmental path in one f two ways, which way?

Answer 1

1. cytoplasmic determinants (PATERNAL)
2. cell to-cell interactions (based on factors like drinking, smoking, temperature, pH, and medications).

Question 2

the ability to isolate and manipulate DNA revolutionized technology. the construction of ________.

Answer 2

recombinant DNA

Question 3

contributions of paul berg?

Answer 3

created a recombinant DNA molecule, inserted a viral DNA he created into a bacterial DNA, and DNA went through the normal processes (binary fission, replication). you can take a spliced viral DNA, and put it into a bacteria cell and it would still be able to do binary fission and replicate as well as pass the bacteria down every single time it replicates. (REMEMBER VIRAL DNA TO BACTERIAL DNA)

Question 4

what is special about stem cells inside a human blastocyst?

Answer 4

they have stem cells that arent differentiated yet

Question 5

how do cells initiate developmental changes?

Answer 5

use TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Question 6

how many differentiated cells are in a human body

Answer 6

300 types

Question 7

what does determination mean cellularly speaking?

Answer 7

cells choose developmental pathway (totipotent and then into specific cells)

Question 8

contributions from herbert boyer and stanley cohen

Answer 8

genes from toads, put into bacteria to see if they could be passed from generation to generation, and they could. even genes from a eukaryote were able to be spliced and put into a bacteria and were able to replicate it. (REMEMBER TOAD DNA TO BACTERIAL DNA)

Question 9

Early cloning experiments were some of the first to utilize new tools called restriction enzymes and endonucleases. Why are they important? (we discussed two reasons)

Answer 9

1. Cut DNA into specific fragments
2. Cutting ability can be applied to genome mapping

Question 10

what are pluripotent stem cells?

Answer 10

stem cells that differentiate into organ or tissue cells the human may need

Question 11

what does it mean if a cell is multipotent?

Answer 11

stem cells that can become many types of cells

Question 12

stem cells are not only found in embryos, which of these cells stated below can contain somatic stem cells as well?

Question 13

how do transcription factors play into a role in cell differentiation?