LECTURE 1 Flashcards
what controls the RNA polymerase during the transcription process
regulatory proteins
regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, which gene expression process is faster? (know why)
prokaryotes are faster because they dont have as many polymerases and they do transcription + translation at the same time
negative control is mediated by proteins called _______. (which are proteins that bind to the regulatory site on DNA called operators to prevent or decrease the initiation of transcription)
repressors
prokaryotic genes are often organized into _____. (multiple genes that are part of a single transcription unit having a single promoter)
operons
how can the initiation of translation be controlled
if you dont want translation to happen you can turn it off by using repressors
whats the opposite of repression
induction
explain info about si-RNA
- small interfering RNAs (interferes w/ a process)
- will stop something from being read in RNA
- mixed with m-RNA in relation to the covid-19 vaccination
- silent gene expressor
- picks what to be read by RNA polymerase
- future possibilities: possible cure to cancer
______ occurs when enzymes for a certain pathway are produced in response to a substrate
glucose presence
what is the key to the transcription process
rna polymerase
_____ occurs when bacteria are capable of making biosynthetic enzymes and they are not actively producing them.
glucose repression
what is a difference between a prokaryotes and eukaryotes method of gene expression
prokaryote - going directly into it from the IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT
eukaryote - multicellular organisms respond to the WHOLE ORGANISM
proteins that shut down translation
translation repressors
the translation of processed mRNA transcript by ribosomes in the cytoplasm involves a complex of proteins called _______.
translation factors
positive control is mediated by _______. (another class of regulatory proteins)
activators
repressor do not work alone. each responds to specific _______ molecules which can alter the conformation of the repressor.
effectors
