Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the monomer for carbohydrates/ polysaccharides.
monosaccharides
Classify each type of carbohydrate
monosaccharide- one monomer (simple)
Disaccharide- 2 monomers (simple)
oligosaccharide- 3 to 10 monomers (complex)
polysachharides- 10 plus (complex)
What makes the sucrose disaccharide
Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Function of carbohydrates/polysaccharides
One function of this sort of carb is recognition
Function 2 is energy storage,
3: structure, a carb called cellulose provides a plant cell with its cell wall,
where do vertebrates store glycogen
Vertebrates store glycogen in liver and muscle cells
functions of lipids
energy storge, make plasma membrane, organ protection and hormone production
what fatty acid do testosterone and estrogen come from
cholesterol
whats the make up of phospholipids?
two fatty acids attached to glycerol(triol alcohol) rather than 3. In phospholipids, the 3rd hydroxy of the triol is attached to a phosphate group
what percent of dry mass of a cell do proteins make up?
50%
what are the functions of a protein?
Enzymes
Storage, things like casein, a major source of protein in milk.
Hormonal, like insulin causing cells to take up glucose
Contractile and motor : actin and myosin are responsible for contraction of muscle
Defensive: antibodies activate to protect body from virus
Transport: haemoglobin in blood helping to transport oxygen round body, in red blood cell
Receptor: built into nerve cell ends, dectect release of chemicals by other nerve cell
Structural: keratin for hair, collagen and elastin provide framework for animal connective tissue
what is the nature of the protein polypeptide chain determined by?
the sequences of the sidechains along the carbon backbone, as the sidechain length greatly outnumbers carbon backbone.
Whats the role of DNA
storing Hereditary/genetic information, information transfer within a cell
difference between nucleic acid, proteins, carbohydrates and lipis
nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins are polymeric. They are polymers made of many unique monomers
In what form are energy carbohydrates stored in animals and plants?
glycogen in animals,
starch in plants
Proteins are what?
Molecules by which cells perform their
functions in the whole organism
