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Developmental Neuropsychology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases in fetal development?

A

Zygote, Morula, Blastocyst

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2
Q

The … turns into these 3 layers:

A

The blasocyst turns into the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin + CN

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4
Q

Mesoderm

A

Skeleton

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5
Q

Endoderm

A

Intestines

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6
Q

Closure deficits of the neural tube

A

Anencephaly + Spina bifida

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7
Q

Anencephaly

A

Geen brein

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8
Q

Spina bifida

A

Open ruggetje

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9
Q

Nervous System development

A
  1. Spinal chord, brain stem
  2. Amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus
  3. Thalamus, basal ganglia
  4. Cerebral cortex
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10
Q

Brain vesicles development

A

Myelencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon, telencephalon

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11
Q

Cell development

A

Profileration, migration, differentiation, selective cell death, myelinisation

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12
Q

Cell profileration

A

Making new cells/neurons

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13
Q

Cell migration

A

Moving neurons to correct position

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14
Q

Cell differentiation

A

Growing cell’s characteristics and making synaptic connections

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15
Q

Selective cell death

A

Overproduction and programmed cell death

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16
Q

Aptosis

A

Programmed cell death

17
Q

Myelinisation

A

Myelin shealth speeds the transmissioning of neurons

18
Q

Disorder in profileration effects

A

Microcephaly and megacephaly

19
Q

Passive migration

A

New neurons push old neurons away towards outerlayers

20
Q

Active migration

A

Supporting cells create route for neurons towards outerlayers

21
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

Formation of synaptic connections

22
Q

Pruning

A

Synapse elimination depending on experience, hormones and genes

23
Q

Experience-expected synapse

A

Use it or lose it

24
Q

Experience-dependent plasticity

A

Enriched environment

25
Q

2 mechanisms within plasticity

A

Restitution & substitution

26
Q

Restitution mechanism

A

When brain is damaged, the same brain area is fixing the damaged function

27
Q

Substituition mechanism

A

When brain is damaged, other brain areas compensate for the damaged function

28
Q

Anatomical reorganization

A

Other brain areas take over function

29
Q

Behavioural compensation

A

Using aids to compensate damage, like an agenda

30
Q

Crowding

A

Loss of function

31
Q

Child neuropsychology

A

Study of brain-behaviour relationships in the immature, rapid developing brain

32
Q

Diaschisis

A

Temporary disruption in development

33
Q

Colleteral sprouting

A

Nearby functions takes over

34
Q

Denervation supersensitivity

A

Neurons become more sensitive

35
Q

Regeneration

A

Regrowth of fibres

36
Q

Kennard Principle

A

If you’re going to have brain damage, have it early

37
Q

Innately specialised

A

Specific functions belong to specific brain regions

38
Q

Equipotentiality

A

Functions could belong to multiple brain areas

39
Q

Three growth spurts

A

Early infancy, 7-10 years, early adolescence

Developmental Neuropsychology (7 decks)

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