Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
The metabolic harvest of energy by oxidation. Want ATP to be end product, because organism require energy to live, we obtain by breaking bond in food, plant however make it through process called photosynthesis
What chemical process “runs the show” regarding the process of cellular respiration?
Organism rely heavily on Oxidation Reduction Reaction (sometimes referred to as Redox Reaction)
Reduction: gaining an electron (negative)
Oxidation: losing an electron (positive)
Crucial for every process/cycle, they always start with glucose and end with ATP
What is the one main difference between the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration discussed in class? 3:10 - 5:30
(i.e. know all information we discussed regarding their final electron acceptors and that is the only information you need to know for this question)
If oxygen is present then you do aerobic if there is no oxygen then you do anaerobic respiration
Fermentation is a type of _______________ respiration and takes place when the final electron acceptor is an/a _____ molecule. Fill in the blanks.
- anaerobic 2. organic (contains carbon –> lactic acid or ethanol)
What is the overall equation of aerobic cellular respiration?
(i.e. know the reactants and products we discussed and the equation which was on the board)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP (Reactants: left of arrow, Products: right of arrow)
Why is cellular respiration considered a catabolic process?
Because you are trying to make ATP by breaking bonds.
What takes place when one says “substrate-level phosphorylation” has occurred?
Simply means taking something that’s not considered energy and then creating it with the help of enzymes, to transform it into ATP, many enzymes used in process
Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Where in the cell does this process take place?
Cytoplasm (same for all living organisms)
Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. What is the overall equation of this process?
(i.e. know the reactants and products we discussed and the equation which was on the board)
Glucose(6C) → 2 pyruvates (3C + 3C) + 2 ATP + 4NADH
Reactants → products
After glycolysis occurs within an organism, what are the two possible processes which can occur afterwards? The presence of what molecule decides which process will take place?
Aerobic or Anaerobic Respiration, depending on if oxygen is present or not
What is the overall equation for pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate (3C) → Co2 (1C) + 2 Acetyl-CoA (2C coenzyme) + NADH
What is the overall equation for the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl - CoA → Co2 + ATP + NADH + FADH2
What is the overall equation for the ETC (electron transport chain)?
NADH + FADH2 → H2O + ATP (very concentrated) + NAD +FAD
Anaerobic respiration can have many different types of final electron acceptors by the end of this metabolic pathway. Which of these statements do not describe any of the possible examples discussed in class?
In the context of the question the following are wrong because they describe possible examples, so study these and those that are not present on the test would be the right answer.
Methanogens (use carbon dioxide, cow farts), Sulfur bacteria (sulfuric acid from sunlight), Lactic Acid / Ethanol (carbs failing to be produced into energy due to lack of oxygen & yeast cells)
(know the information we discussed on chapter seven slide six)
Glycolysis is the first process which occurs during cellular respiration. Which of these statements describe the reactants and products of the first step called glucose priming?
Glucose Priming: 2 things bond together to produce diphosphate, not split until cleavage (step 2). The word glucose is a sign that you start and end up with 6 carbon sugars.
Equation: 6 Carbon Sugars + 2ATP → 6 Carbon Sugar (diphosphate)
