lecture 2

Question 1

collagen fibers type l

Answer 1

• most common
• found in the dermis of the skin

Question 2

collagen fibers type lll

Answer 2

makes delicate stroma of many organs

Question 3

elastic fibers in ground substance

Answer 3

abundant in lungs, skin, urinary bladder, and in the walls of arteries

Question 4

fibroblasts

Answer 4

• resident cells
• responsible for synthesis of all ECM components
• elongated nuclei

Question 5

macrophage

Answer 5

• resident and migratory phagocytic cells
• kupffer cells in liver, microglia in CNS, and alveolar macrophages in the lung
• arise from blood monocytes

Question 6

mast cells

Answer 6

• migratory cells
• produce granules like heparin and histamine
• imp in allergic rxns and absent from the CNS

Question 7

plasma cells

Answer 7

• migratory cells
• produce antibodies
• off centered nucleus

Question 8

leukocytes

Answer 8

• migratory cells
• cells of the immune system that include lymphocytes and granulocytes

Question 9

adipocytes

Answer 9

specialize in fat storage

Question 10

unilocular

Answer 10

white adipose tissue that functions in storing energy

Question 11

multilocular

Answer 11

brown adipose tissue and plays a role in thermoregulation. Brown due to abundant mitochondria and the large number of blood capillaries

Question 12

embryonic connective tissue

Answer 12

mesenchyme

Question 13

loose areolar CT

Answer 13

• more ground substance, little collagen
  -underlies epithelia
  -vascularized

Question 14

dense irregular CT

Answer 14

• more collagen fibers, little ground substance
• less stress resistant and and flexible
  -collagen fibers are arranged in an unorganized manner

Question 15

dense recular CT (tendon)

Answer 15

• collagen fibers arranged tightly
• fibroblast nuclei in “box-car” arrangement

Question 16

elastic CT

Answer 16

• rich in elastic fibers

Question 17

reticular CT

Answer 17

• type lll collagen produced by reticular cells.
• reticular fibers are enveloped by reticular cells cytoplasm
• form stroma of liver, bone marrow, and the lymphoid organs

Question 18

cartilage

Answer 18

avascular and no nerves

Question 19

extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed of…

Answer 19

collagen type ll, proteoglycans, and water

Question 20

cells of cartilage: chrondoblasts

Answer 20

proliferating undifferentiated cells that begin to synthesize ECM elements

Question 21

cells of cartilage: chrondrocytes

Answer 21

embedded in the ECM, synthesize, and maintain the matrix. Occupy spaces called lacunae

Question 22

perichondrium

Answer 22

• connective tissue that surrounds cartilage
• source of nourishment, cellular growth, and renewal for cartilage
• none around articular cartilage and fibrocartilage

Question 23

hyaline cartilage

Answer 23

• type ll collagen, most common
• ex: articular cartilage, epiphyseal cartilage, tracheal rings

Question 24

articular cartilage

Answer 24

covers surface of articulating bones in synovial joints. Leisions do not heal and may lead to osteoarthritis

Question 25

elastic cartilage

Answer 25

• type ll collagen and elastin
• epiglottis, pinna of the ear, auditory tube

Question 26

fibrocartilage

Answer 26

• type l and ll collagen
• intervertebral discs, menisci in knee joint, symphysis pubis, articular cartilage and disc of temporomandibular joint

Question 27

bone

Answer 27

• highly vascularized
• reservoir for calcium and phosphate
  -undergoes remodeling throughout life which is controlled hormone, thyroid hormone, and estrogen
• enveloped by a connective tissue called periosteum and thin layer of endosteum covers bone matrix