lecture 1 Flashcards
coronal plane
- divides anterior and posterior
- occur in anteroposterior axis
transverse
- divides upper and lower
- longitudinal axis
median/midsagittal plane
- divides right and left
- transverse axis
axial skeleton
skull, hyoid bone, vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, and sternum
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower limb bones
long bones
- shaft or diaphysis with a marrow cavity and two ends
short bones
- cuboid shaped
-found in wrist and ankle
flat bones
- AKA squamous bones
- consist of compact bone with spongy bone and marrow in between
- found in skull, ribs, sternum, and scapula
irregular bones
include all other skull bones that are not flat and vertebrae
sesamoid bones
develop within tendons for protection
crest, line, and ridge
linear elevations
process, trochanter, tuberosity
larger elevations
protuberance, spine, tubercle
smaller elevations
spinous process
spine like projection
cavity, fossa
large area depressions
grooves, sulci
elongated depressions
notch
small indentation
facet
small, flat surface
condyle
rounded projection
foramen
hole through a bone
canal
passage through a bone with an exit
meatus
passage into a bone with no exit (dead end)
solid joints
bone components held together by connective tissue
plane
- flat articular surfaces with tight joint capsules
-limited gliding movements
-ex: acromioclavicular joint
hinge
- uniaxial: permit flexion and extension
- ex: elbow joint
pivot
- uniaxial: allow movement around one axis, facilitate rotation
- ex: elbow joint
saddle
- biaxial: reciprocal saddle-shaped surfaces with high mobility in two planes
- flexion, extension, and ab/adduction
-ex: carpometacarpal joint
condyloid
- biaxial: flexion/extension, circumduction, limited ab/adduction
- ex: wrist joint
ball and socket
- multiaxial: spherical head rotates freely about all axes
- ex: shoulder and hip joints
