Lecture 2 Flashcards
Why measure personality? (2)
- Impacts work outcomes
- Helpful for hiring + training
How can you typically assess personality? (2)
- Self-report surveys
- Observer-ratings survey
What is self concept? (2)
1) Way I see myself and how I think others see me
2) A changeable state
Give 4 personality theories
- Aristotle’s theory of elements
- Freud’s resolution of child develoment phases
- Eysenck’s P-E-N (hierarchical model)
- Catell’s 16-factor system
Aristotle’s theory of elements
Personality = rooted in 4 funda. elt; air, fire, eath, water
- Freud’s resolution of child develoment phases
Resolution conflicts in devlpt goals -> results in -> personality
- Eysenck’s P-E-N (hierarchical model)
Psychotism, Extraversion, Neuroticism are ONLY heritable traits (FALSIFIED)
- Catell’s 16-factor system
Personality should persist across types of measurements
Note: One largest taxonomies developed
What is MBTI?
Myers-Brigss Type Indicator
Explain Myers-Brigss Type Indicator
ESTJ to INFP
Extraversion - Introversion
Sensing - Intuitive
Thinking - Feeling
Judging - Perceiving
Critiques on MBTI (7)
1) Types rather than traits
2) Poor validity + reliability
3) Psychometrically complex
4) Better explained by other models
5) Not falsified
6) Requires honesty
7) Not situation specific
What’s the personality type gold standard? And why? (1:4)
Big Five
- Good validity + reliability
- Statistical
- Lexical
- Uses sound evidence: Allows theory-based hypotheses
What work-related behaviours does Big Five predict? (5)
1) Performance
2) Satisfaction
3) Social skills
4) Leadership
5) Safety
What are the big five? (5)
1) Emotional stability
2) Extroversion
3) Openness to experience
4) Agreeableness
5) Conscientiousness
What does openness predict? (2)
- Accidents
- Sensation seeking
What is the Dark Triad? (3)
- Machiavellianism: degree are pragmatic, emotional distance, believe ends justify means
- Psychopath: tendency to lack concern to others, guilt, remorse
- Narcissism: arrogant, self-importance, excessive admiration
Does being pro-social mean more power?
Yes, people with disagreeable personalities do not have advantage when it comes to power
What is Diversity?
Point or respect in which people differ
Is Diversity important to organisations? (1: 3)
Yes
- can help them (information processing)
- can cause problem (affective evaluations)
- has become ubiquitous (globalisation)
What are the two forms of diversity? (2:1)
- surface level (ethical)
- deep level (performance)
And both make performance
What unfair discrimination does diversity enable? (2)
- stereotypes about groups
- affective / evaluative responses: Sexual harassment, mockery and insults, ostracism, incivility
What are markers of diversity (5)
- Race and ethnicity
- Religion
- Disability
- Sexual orientation
- Gender identity
Is the aging aspect of workforce important? (1:4)
Yes
- Lower turnover and absenteeism
- No link to productivities
- Important for change
- Young increasingly manage older employees.
Gender differences? (1:3)
Women : unfair discrimination
Glass ceiling: hard time rising
Glass cliff: promotion into risky jobs
Glass escalator: men receive promotions faster
How can you manage diverse workforce
Policy and training emphasize higher level similarities among people
Develop positive diversity beliefs and attitude
Encourage awarenesses on fait treatment and benefits diversity
Foster personal development for skills and abilities of all workers
