Lecture 1C: Flashcards
- respiration and oxidative phosphorylation for aerobic eukaryotes
- few per cell
- double membrane
Mitochondria
folded internal
membrane of mitochondria
cristae
innermost area of
mitochondrion
matrix
- found in anaerobic, struct fermenters
- lack TCA cycle enzyme and cristae
Hydrogenosomes
mojor function of hydrogenosomes
oxidation of pyruvate to H2, CO2 and acetate
chlorophyll-containing organelle found in photothropic eukaryotes
Chloroplasts
key for calvin cycle, converts CO2 to organics
RuBisCO
flattened membrane discs contain chlorophyll and ATP synthetic components, form proton motive forms
Thylakoids
Mitochondria and
chloroplasts descended from respiratory and
phototrophic bacterial cells, respectively, associating with
nonphototrophic eukaryal hosts
Endosymbiotic hypothesis
in endosymbiotic hypothesis mitochodria and chloroplasts descended from
respiratory cells (mitochondria)
Phototrophic bacterial cells (Choloroplasts)
evidences for endosymbiotic hypothesis
- mitochondria
- hydrogenosomes
- chloroplasts contain circular DNA genomes and ribosomes
smooth or rough due to presence
of ribosomes
ER
the ER that participates in the synthesis of Lipids and in some aspects carbohydrate metabolism
Smooth ER
ER that is a major producer of glycoproteins and new membrane material
Rough ER
stack of membrane -bound sacs “cisternae” that arise from preexisting Golgi bodies and function in concert with the ER
Golgi Complex
the modifications in the golgi complex are called
Glycosylation
convert the proteins into glycoproteins that can be targeted to specific locations in the cell
Glycosylation
- membrane-enclosed compartments
- contain digestive enzymes that hydrolyze proteins, fats, and polysaccharides
Lysosomes
hollow tubes about 25 nm in diameter, composed of the proteins α-tubulin and β-tubulin.
Microtubules
Proteins that makes up microtubules
α-tubulin and β-tubulin.
-smaller than microtubules, about 7 nm in diameter
-polymers of two intertwined strands of the protein actin.
Microfilaments
proteins that makes up the microfilaments
Protei actins
functions of microfilaments
- maintaining of changing cell shape
- cell motility
- cell division
fibrous Keratin proteins that form into Fibers 8-12 nm
in diameter
Intermediate filaments
function of intermediate filaments
cell shape and positioning organelles in the cell
*What cellular structures are parallel in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of function?
*Are organelles found only in eukaryotes?
*If prokaryotes do not have the same cellular structures as eukaryotes, how then do these cells carry out same metabolic activities as eukaryotic cells?
