lecture 19a

Question 1

darwin claimed that fossils of extinct animals are

Answer 1

found where similar animals live today

Question 2

Darwin claimed and observed that animals on islands near to each other

Answer 2

have similar but distinct animals living on them

Question 3

Wallace is considered the

Answer 3

father of biogeography

Question 4

*fossils of extinct animals found where similar animals live today

*islands near eachother have similar, but distinct animals living on them

What did those observations lead Darwin to infer?

Answer 4

*that size shape and many other characters of organisms have changed over time.

*a wide variety of unique species can come from a common ancestor

Question 5

descent with modification also applies development

Answer 5

which gives rise to similarities due to common descent from a shared ancestor

Question 6

homology

Answer 6

similarity due to common ancestry

eg:dna sequence

Question 7

analogy

Answer 7

similarities that evolved independently as a result of adaptation to similar environments
eg:webbed feet in frogs and ducks

Question 8

wallace claimed individuals with a given species

Answer 8

vary in small ways

Question 9

individual variation is when

Answer 9

differences among individuals that are permanent or change slowly

Question 10

malthus claimed that animals populations are kept in check because a

Answer 10

massive number of young animals die in every generation

Question 11

observations:
*individuals within a given species vary in small ways
* animal populations are kept in check because a massive number of young animals die in every generation

what did this lead darwin and wallace to infer

Answer 11

individuals with higher fitness have a higher chance of leaving more offspring

Question 12

differential reproductive success is another word for

Answer 12

survival of the fittest

Question 13

DARWIN AND WALLACES TWO BIG IDEAS
descent with modification

Answer 13

*life on earth had a single origin and

*all the diverse organisms around today
are descendants, modified by evolutionary processes, from a common ancestor

Question 14

DARWIN AND WALLACES TWO BIG IDEAS:

mechanism to explain biological evolution-

Answer 14

natural selection: individuals with heritable traits that give them an advantage produce more offspring than those without

Question 15

——— can’t evolve ______ do

Answer 15

individuals can’t evolve, populations do

Question 16

what are three conditions for natural selection

Answer 16

variation in traits

heredity

differential reproductive success

Question 17

variation in traits(1)

Answer 17

(diff color, diff sizes)

Question 18

heredity(2)

Answer 18

variation occurring has to be related to genotype

Question 19

differential reproductive success(3)

Answer 19

survival of the fittest

Question 20

the only evolutionary force that can produce an adaptation

Answer 20

is selection