Lecture 19: Pharmaceutical care of diabetes and thyroid disease Flashcards
What drugs sensitise the body to insulin?
- Metformin
- Thiazolidinediones
What drugs stimulate glucose secretion through the kidneys?
SGLT2 Inhibitors
What drugs stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin?
- Sulphonulureas
- Meglitinides
- GLP 1 agonists
- DPP4 inhibitors
What are the advantages of metformin?
-Reduced HbA1c by 1-2%
-Not associated with weight gain
-Not associated with hypoglycaemia when given alone
-Beneficial effects on lipid profile
-No BGM
-Good evidence base
-Not expensive
What is first line treatment if metformin is intolerant?
Sulphonylureas
What are the advantages of sulphonylureas?
Good evidence base
Inexpensive
What are the disadvantages of sulphonylureas?
weight gain
Increased risk of hypoglycaemia
What drug can be used as a replacement for metformin if the patinet has renal failure?
Thiazolidinediones
What patients are thiazolidinediones contraindictaed in?
Patients with heart failure, fractures and haematuria
Who cant be given DGLT2 inhibitors?
If older than 85 years
What are the advantages of meglitinides?
Used as mono or with metformin
What are the disadvantages of meglitinides?
- Weight gain
- Increased risk of hypoglycaemia
- Expensive
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
- Sweaty
- Hungry
- Cold
- Pounding heartbeat
- Tingling lips
- Can lose consiousness
- Dizzy faint
- Tired
- Confused
How do you manage hypoglycaemia?
Eat or drink something immediately containing sugar, e.g.sweets, glucose tablet, sugary drink (not a diet drink)
Followed up by longer acting CHO – sandwich, fruit, biscuits, milk
should feel better after 5-10 minutes
Eat a normal meal as soon as possible
What is used to treat hypothyroidism?
- Levothyroxine
- Liothronine
