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PSIO 485 Exam 04 > Lecture 19: Integration > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Integration Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to CO/TPR/MAP when we lift weights?

A

CO: Increases
TPR: Increases
MAP: Increases

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2
Q

How does Higher Altitude affect CVS?

A

Body needs to produce more RBC due to less than normal oxygen consumption

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3
Q

How does Increased Temperature affect CVS?

A

Heart beats faster and pumps more blood faster to assist with sweating to cool the body

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4
Q

How does Humidity affect CVS?

A

Sweat will not evaporate and the body will not cool down as fast, causing body temperature to keep rising

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5
Q

Anticipatory Response

Pre-exercise breathing ______ in breathing rate

A

increases

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6
Q

Anticipatory Response

Releasing of ____ and ______

A
  • Epinephrine

- Norepinephrine

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7
Q

Steady-State HR

To find the Steady-State HR, the formula is:

A

180-Age

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8
Q

Cardiac Drift

Tendency for HR to ____ gradually throughout a workout due to ______ and rising ______ within the muscles

A

rise
dehydration
temperature

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9
Q

Sympathetic Control During Exercise

Sympathetic nerves innervating the _____ ____ causes the secretion of _____ and _____ into the blood

A

adrenal medulla

epinephrine; norepinephrine

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10
Q

Sympathetic Control During Exercise
During exercise, circulating levels of ___ and ___ can become very ____ so that the net effect on the vasculature in ______

A

epinephrine; norepinephrine
high
vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Factors that influence CV response: Body Posture
When a persons exercises in a ____ position, _____ _____ pressure is higher than when the person is exercising in the _____ position.

A

prone
central venous
upright

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12
Q

Factors that influence CV response: Physical Conditioning
A conditioned individual is able to achieve a higher ____ ____, whole body _____ ____, and ______ than a person who has a _____ lifestyle

A

Cardiac Output
Oxygen Consumption
Workload
Sedentary

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13
Q

Factors that influence CV response: Increased Age

Maximal oxygen consumption decreases about 40% between 20 and 70 years of age. Why?

A
  • Decrease body (muscle) mass
  • Decreased EDV
  • Increase circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine
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14
Q

Factors that influence CV response: Gender

____ reach and sustain higher _____ and maximal _____ _____ than _____

A

males
workloads
oxygen consumptions
females

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15
Q

Stroke Volume

SV increases proportionally with

A

exercise intensity

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16
Q

Stroke Volume

SV may increase only up to __to__% of maximal capacity after which it ____

A

40-60%

plateau

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17
Q

Cardiac Output

CO increases proportionally with

A

exercise intensity

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18
Q

Cardiac Output

At rest cardiac output is about:

A

5 L/min

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19
Q

Cardiac Output

During intense exercise, it can increase to:

A

20-40 L/min

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20
Q

Blood Flow
The vascular system can redistribute blood to these tissues with the greatest _____ demand and away from areas that have less demand for _____

A

immediate

oxygen

21
Q

Blood Pressure
During exercise, ____ pressure, the pressure during contraction of the heart, can increase to over ___mm Hg and levels as high as ___mm Hg have been reported in highly trained, healthy athletes

A

systolic
200
250

22
Q

Blood
As exercise intensity increase the a-vO2 difference ______ and at maximal exertion the difference between _____ and ____ blood oxygen concentration can be ____ times that at ____ level

A

increases
arterial; venous
three
resting

23
Q

Training Heart Adaptations

The heart’s ___ and _____ increases and cardiac muscle undergoes _____

A

mass; volume

hypertrophy

24
Q

Stroke Volume

SV increases at ___, during submaximal and maximal ____ following training

A

rest

exercise

25
Q 
Stroke Volume
SV at rest averages about \_\_-\_\_ ml/beat in untrained interval. \_\_-\_\_ml/beat in train individuals and \_\_-\_\_\_ ml/beat in world-class athletes
A

50-70
70-90
90-110

26
Q

Maintaining SV at high HR during exercise

Increased ____ _____ promoted by the ____ and _____ muscle pumps

A

venous return
thoracic
skeletal

27
Q

Maintaining SV at high HR during exercise

Venous ______ maintains central venous pressure

A

constriction

28
Q

Maintaining SV at high HR during exercise

Increased ___ _____ augments atrial _____ of the _____

A

atrial inotropy
filling
ventricles

29
Q

Maintaining SV at high HR during exercise

Increased ______ ______ decreases ___, which increases _____ ____ and ____ ____

A

ventricular inotropy
ESV
SV
Ejection Fraction

30
Q

Maintaining SV at high HR during exercise

Enhanced rate of ____ _____ (lusitropy) aids in filling

A

ventricular relaxation

31
Q

Blood Flow

Skeletal muscle receives a greater blood supply following training. This is due to:

A
  • Increased number of capillaries
  • Greater opening of existing capillaries
  • More effective blood redistribution
  • Increased blood volume
32
Q

Blood Pressure

BP can decreases at:

A

rest and submaximal exercise

33
Q

Blood Volume

Endurance Training increases

A

Blood Volume

34
Q

Blood Volume
While plasma volume accounts for the _____ of the increase, a greater production of ___ ____ ____ can also a contributory factor

A

majority

Red Blood Cells

35
Q

Pregnancy

____ _____ is primarily increased through increase in ____ ____

A

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

36
Q

Pregnancy

Although CO is ____, ___ ____ ___ generally falls owing to a disproportionate decrease in ___ ____ ______

A

elevated
MAP
Systemic Vascular Resistance

37
Q

Pregnancy:Blood Volume
Increases progressively from - weeks gestation and reaches a maximum at approx. __-__ weeks with little change thereafter

A

6-8

32-34

38
Q

Pregnancy: Blood Volume

Intake of supplemental ___ and ___ ____ is necessary to restore ___ levels to normal (__ g/dl)

A

iron; folic acid
hemoglobin
12

39
Q

Pregnancy: Cardiac Output

increases similar degree as the BV. During the first trimester, CO is __-__% higher than in the non-pregnant state

A

30-40

40
Q

Pregnancy: Cardiac Size/Position/ECG

There are both ____ and _____ changes which can lead to changes in ECG appearances

A

size

position

41
Q

Pregnancy: Cardiac Size/Position/ECG

The heart is ___ by both chamber ____ and _____

A

enlarged
dilation
hypertrophy

42
Q

Pregnancy: Cardiac Size/Position/ECG

Dilation across the ____ valve can initiate mild ______ flow causing a normal grade _ or __ systolic murmur

A

tricuspid
regurgitation
I, II

43
Q

Pregnancy:Cardiac Size/Position/ECG
Upward displacement of the ______ by the enlarging ______ causes the heart to shift to the ___ and _____ so that the apex beat is moved ___ and ____.

A

diaphragm
uterus
left; anteriorly
outward; upward

44
Q

Pregnancy: Cardiac Size/Position/ECG
There changes lead to common ECG findings of left ___ ____, sagging __ segments and frequently ____ or flattening of the _-wave in lead III

A

axis deviation
ST
Inversion
T

45
Q

Pregnancy: Blood Pressure

_____ arterial pressure is never _____ during normal gestation

A

systemic

increased

46
Q

Pregnancy: Blood Pressure

By mid-pregnancy, a slight decrease in ____ pressure can be recognized

A

Diastolic

47
Q

Pregnancy: Blood Pressure

____ ___ pressure also maintains a constant level

A

Pulmonary arterial

48
Q

Pregnancy: Blood Pressure

_____ ____ is more dependent upon ____ control than in the nonpregnant state

A

Vascular Tone

sympathetic

PSIO 485 Exam 04 (7 decks)

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