Cardiovascular Jeoparady 4a

Question 1

Blood Pressure

What does the term “blood pressure” actually mean?

Answer 1

refers to the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessel
-(can be thought of as vascular pressure)

Question 2

Blood Pressure

Is Blood Pressure a static number?

Answer 2

No, BP undergoes natural variations from one HB to the next and throughout the day

Question 3

Blood Pressure

What are the 3 main mechanisms of regulating BP?

Answer 3

1) Baroreceptor Reflex
2) Renin-Angiotensin
3) Aldosterone

Question 4

Blood Pressure

What are the main determinants of MAP?

Answer 4

CO and TPR

Question 5

Blood Pressure

What are the 2 most important Baroreceptors?

Answer 5

Carotid Sinus and Aortic Arch

Question 6

Hypertension / Hypotension

What causes Hypertension

Answer 6

Increase in CO, TPR or Both

Question 7

Hypertension / Hypotension
Most cases of hypertension are secondary to other diseases.
T/F

Answer 7

False. only 5-8% are secondary, the majority are primary

no known causes

Question 8

Hypertension / Hypotension

What’s the 1sr morphological change that occurs in the myocardium with hypertension?

Answer 8

Hypertrophy of the Left Ventricle

Question 9

Hypertension / Hypotension

Why do you sometimes get light-headed when standing after a long airplane trip.

Answer 9

Venous Pooling leading to decreased BP when standing

- Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 10

Heart Failure

What are the 2 most common reasons for heart failure?

Answer 10

1) damaged to the heart muscle

2) prolonged pumping against a chronically increased afterload

Question 11

Heart Failure

What happens to the Frank-Sterling law in a Left Ventricle in Heart Failure

Answer 11

The curve shifted downward and to the right

Question 12

Heart Failure

How does the sympathetic nervous system help compensate to help restore SV in Heart Failure?

Answer 12

Sympathetic activity to the heart is increased which increases inotropy

Question 13

Heart Failure

Is sympathetic compensation a long-term fix for decreased SV?

Answer 13

no, the heart becomes less responsive to norepinephrine and the norepinephrine in the nerve terminals become depleted

Question 14

Heart Failure

What does the term “Decompensated Heart Failure” mean?

Answer 14

When the contractility of the heart deteriorates to the point where it is no longer able to pump out a normal stroke volume despite compensatory measures

Question 15

Cardiovascular Testing

What 2 events directly affect mucous membrane color in a person with decreased cardiac function?

Answer 15

Blood shows in the capillaries which causes:

1) longer contact between tissues and hemoglobin carrying RBCs
2) Development of metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Cardiovascular Testing

What can a palpated pulse tell us about Cardiac Function?

Answer 16

It can tell us rate, rhythm, strength of ventricular systole

Question 17

Cardiovascular Testing

In an adult, when would we usually hear S3 or S4?

Answer 17

If the persons has a stiffened left ventricle

heart failure is a usual cause

Question 18

Cardiovascular Testing
When palpitating a person’s pulse, the BEST place to do this is the carotid artery.
T/F

Answer 18

False, due to the fact the vagus nerve (which stimulates parasympathetic activity) runs right next to it