Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSIO 485 Exam 04 > Lecture 16: High BP > Flashcards

Lecture 16: High BP Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure

1 in 3 adults have it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is “Systolic Hypertension?”

A

Elevated BP with normal Diastolic

aka (isolated systolic hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is “Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension?”

A

Elevated Sys and Dia BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is “Primary Hypertension?”

A

Elevated BP which causes other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is “Secondary Hypertension?”

A

a condition caused by a systemic disease process that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When the ventricles _____, to force open the _______ valves, they must generate sufficient _____ to exceed the BP in the major arteries

A

contract
semilunar
pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is “Hypertrophy?”

A

an enlarged organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The heart may be able to compensate for a sustained increase in _______ by hypertrophy. This enables it to _____ more forcefully and maintain a normal ____ _____ despite an abnormal impediment to ______

A

afterload
contract
stroke volume
ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 10 factors associated with Primary Hypertension?

A

1) family history of it
2) Advancing age
3) gender (males <55 and woman >74)
4) black race
5) High sodium intake
6) glucose intolerance
7) cigarette smoking
8) obesity
9) heavy alcohol consumption
10) low intake of calcium, potassium and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does large amount of Sodium cause hypertension?

A
  • reduces the kidney’s ability to remove water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does cigarette smoking cause hypertension?

A

nicotine is a vasoconstrictor which can elevated sys and dia BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypertension is higher in heavy drinkers than abstinent drinker? T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Moderate Drinkers have a lower blood pressure than BOTH heavy drinkers and abstinent drinkers?
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In individuals with hypetension, over activity of the ______ nervous system can result from increased production of ________ (______ and ______) or from increased receptor reactivity involving these __________.

A

sympathetic
catecholamines
(epinephrine and norepinephrine)
neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RAA System

_______ is responsible for the _______ of the myocardium associated with hypertension

A

Angiotension II

hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RAA System
_______ not only contributes to sodium ______ by the kidney, but also has further deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system

A

Aldosterone

retention

17
Q

Natriuretic Hormone
These modulates renal sodium excretion and includes ____ ____ ____ (ANP), _____ ____ _____ (BNP), ____ ____ ____ (CNP) and _______.

A

atrial natriuretic peptide
brain natriuretic peptide
C-type natriuretic peptide
urodilanton

18
Q

Natriuretic Hormone
The function of these hormones can be affected by excessive _____ ______, inadequate intake of ______, ______ and ______, and _____

A

sodium intake
potassium, calcium, magnesium
obesity

19
Q

What is Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Hypertension?

A

decreased vasodilators production (NO) and increased vasoconstrictor production (endothelin)

20
Q

What is Isolated Systolic Hypertension?

A

a condition caused by increased in Cardiac Output and/or total Peripheral Vascular resistance which elevates systolic pressure

21
Q

What is Complicated Hypertension?

A

Chronic hypertension which damages the walls of systemic blood vessels

22
Q

What organs does hypertension target?

A

Kidney, Brain, Heart, Extremities and Eyes

23
Q

Changes in the _____ ____ can be estimated by viewing the _____ of the retina

A

vascular bed

arterioles

24
Q

Complications specific to the retina include ______ ____ ______, _____, and ______

A

retinal vascular sclerosis
exudation
hemorrhage

25
Q

_______ complications are similar to those of other arterial beds and include ______ ______, ____, _____ ______, ______, and ______

A 
Cerebrovascular
transient ischemia
stroke
cerebral thrombosis
aneurysm
hemorrhage
26
Q

Chronic hypertension also has been linked to cognitive decline in the _____

A

elderly

27
Q

How does one become diagnosed with Hypertension?

A

increased BP on two or more different occasions

28
Q

What are two other examples of high readings not associated with Hypertension

A

1) “white coat hypertension” (caused by visiting a health care setting
2) recent caffeine intake or smoking

29
Q

What is Hypotension?

A

systolic pressure below 90 and diastolic pressure below 60

30
Q

What is Othrostatic Hypotension?

A

Decrease in sys and dia pressure upon standing

31
Q

What is Acute Orthostatic Hypotension?

A
  • Prolonged immobility associated with illness
  • drug reactions
  • starvation
  • exhaustion
  • conditions associated with blood volume depletion
  • Venous pooling
  • altered blood chemistry
  • old age
32
Q

How does salt intake increase risk of hypertension?

A

Salt intake can increase blood pressure in some people because the salt causes the body to hold onto excess fluids, such as water. This can increase pressure within blood vessels and make the heart work harder

33
Q

What is a Natriuretic Hormone?

A

a hormone that modulates renal sodium excretion

includes ANP, BNP and CNP

34
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide:

A

helps reduce an expanded ECF by increasing renal sodium excretion

35
Q

Brain Natriuretic Peptide:

A

Secreted by cardiomyocytes in heart ventricles

36
Q

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide:

A

Expressed in CNS including basal ganglia and hypothalamus

37
Q

Inflammation cause lead to hypertension by:

A

a marker known as C-reactive Protein (CRP)
- a buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels because the body tries to pump more blood to compensate for plaque buildup

38
Q

People with diabetes and insulin resistance have an increased risk of hypertension because:

A

It affects the arteries and they are predisposed to having atherosclerosis which can narrow the arteries

39
Q

Isolated systolic hypertension:

A

can have a Sys BP of over 140 but Diastolic within normal range

PSIO 485 Exam 04 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions