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Virology > Lecture 19 - Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Herpesvirus Flashcards

1
Q

What virus is one of the most common ones found in humans?

A

herpesvirus

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2
Q

Can herpesvirus cause cancer?

A

yes

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3
Q

What genome does herpesvirus have?

A

dsDNA viruses

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4
Q

In the herpesvirus virion, what are most viral structural proteins commonly called?

A

VP = viral protein (nucleocapsid)

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5
Q

What is the HSV-1?

A

one most common herpesvirus strain

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6
Q

Where do herpesviruses attach to?

A

cells of the epidermis/dermis of skin and epidermal mucosal cells

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7
Q

How is viral attachment and entry of the herpesvirus achieved?

A

through a binding receptor and entry receptor

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8
Q

What is the function of VP16?

A

initiates transcription

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9
Q

What are the early genes herpesvirus transcribes?

A

genes for DNA synthesis

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10
Q

What are the late genes herpesvirus transcribes?

A

structural and assembly proteins

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11
Q

What mechanism does herpesvirus use to replicate their genome? What does this result in?

A

rolling circle replication resulting in linear concatemers of DNA

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12
Q

What does thymidine kinase do and why is it important?

A

enzyme that increases the pool of dT(thymidine)TPs within a host cell | allow herpesvirus to replicate in slowly dividing or non-dividing cells

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13
Q

What process does the herpes virus use to assemble?

A

double-envelope process

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14
Q

What is the double-envelope process?

A

nucleocapsid buds out of nucleus membrane and then gets its second envelope from Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

How can syncytia formation occur with herpesvirus?

A

glycoproteins can cause fusion between infected and non-infected cells

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16
Q

What is the effect on the host cell due to the double-envelope process?

A

cell lyses

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17
Q

What is the viral capsid enveloped by? And why?

A

nuclear membrane to translocate it to the cytoplasm

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18
Q

Where does the nucleocapsid mature?

A

cytoplasm

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19
Q

Where does the main envelope of the nucleocapsid of the herpesvirus derive from?

A

Golgi-derived vesicles

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20
Q

After a productive primary infection, where does the herpesvirus travel to become latent?

A

enters sensory neuron axons and migrates along axon to the cell body in a ganglion in the CNS

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21
Q

What are viral RNA transcripts that are synthesized during latency called?

A

LATs (Latency Associated Transcripts)

22
Q

How are LATs beneficial to the virus?

A

after it undergoes splicing, it plays an important biological role

23
Q

What type of transport direction is the virus moved within the neuron during latency?

A

retrograde transport, towards nucleus

24
Q

What type of transport direction is the virus moved within the neuron during reactivation?

A

anterograde, down the axon

25
Q

What 10 factors associate with reactivation of the herpesvirus?

A

immune suppression | sex | stress | temperature changes | UV light/sunburn | menstruation, pregnancy, lactation | malnutrition | excessive fatigue

26
Q

What does disease severity depend on (herpesvirus)?

A

interplay between the virus and its host, especially the host’s immune status

27
Q

What are 2 methods of transmission of the herpesvirus?

A

saliva, vaginal secretions, secretions from oral/anogenital tracts (mouth and butthole) | eyes and skin lesions

28
Q

What are 2 diseases that occur due to infection from herpesvirus?

A

mucosal lesion | encephalitis

29
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed antiviral drug for HSV?

A

acyclovir (ACV)

30
Q

What does acyclovir do?

A

acts as a chain terminator, prevents DNA elongation

31
Q

Which epithelial cells do HSV-1 infect?

A

oral, skin, cornea

32
Q

Where in the nervous system do HSV-1 viruses establish latent infections?

A

trigeminal nerve = spine

33
Q

Where in the nervous system do HSV-2 viruses establish latent infections?

A

sacral ganglia

34
Q

What does the Varicella Zoster virus cause?

A

chickenpox and shingles

35
Q

What is chickenpox?

A

mild diseases affecting kids

36
Q

What are 3 symptoms of VZV?

A

fever, malaise, ~300 lesions

37
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Varicella-Zoster virus?

A

airborne via cough/sneeze

38
Q

What happens to the Varicella Zoster virus after the primary infection?

A

becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglia

39
Q

What factor increases the risk of reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus?

A

aging

40
Q

List 4 symptoms of shingles.

A

pain, headache, rash, numb

41
Q

What are shingles?

A

reactivated Varicella-Zoster virus after 60yo | common/severe in immunocompromised people

42
Q

Is there a vaccine available for shingles?

A

yes

43
Q

What human herpesvirus causes cancer and 79% of infectious mononucleosis cases?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

44
Q

What is the mode of transmission of EBV? What is it also called?

A

saliva; kissing disease

45
Q

What is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

46
Q

What is cytomegalovirus?

A

common but show asymptomatic or mild symptoms

47
Q

How can the cytomegalovirus affect pregnant women?

A

infect placenta&raquo_space;> fetus

48
Q

What effects does cytomegalovirus have on the fetus

A

small brain size | enlarges liver and spleen

49
Q

What effects does cytomegalovirus have on adults?

A

hearing loss and mental disabilities

50
Q

What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSAH)?

A

aggressive pigmented sarcoma on skin | transmitted by saliva

Virology (23 decks)

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