Lecture 19+20

Question 1

How did Henry Knox treat Indians during his time as the secretary of war under John Adams?

Answer 1

• Assimilation: Indians had to join American society, accept American culture, live according American rules of land ownership and such; had to speak English and convert to Christianity.
• American exceptionalism of the Mass. Bay Colony defined this.

Question 2

Explain the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Answer 2

• Indians in the Ohio Valley resist to US attempts the Northwest Territory.
• This battle is preceded by two humiliating defeats for the US.
• Under “mad” Anthony Wayne, American troops defeat the Indians in Toledo, Ohio.
• Leads to the Treaty of Greenville.

Question 3

Explain the Treaty of Greenville.

Answer 3

• Preceded by Battle of Fallen Timbers.
• Indians ceded their land and got a lump sum + $900 per year.
• Ended Indian resistance until Tecumseh.
• Also recognized the sovereignty of Indians because the US had to formally recognize the territory that Indians were left in the treaty.
• Opened up the Ohio Valley for American settlement.

Question 4

Deism

Answer 4

• Belief that God exists, sort of just made the universe, and then proceeded to leave it alone.

Question 5

Mud slinging

Answer 5

• Tactic in political campaigning where instead of running a specific platform, the candidate resorts to disparaging their opposition as a basis for gaining votes.

Question 6

Explain the US Presidential election of 1800.

Answer 6

• Between John Adams and Jefferson.
• Mud slinging was involved.
• Jefferson was attacked for being an “atheist” because he was a deist.
• People attacked Adams as a monarchist for his Alien and Sedition Acts.
• Jefferson was set to win, but a mishap in counting electoral votes led him to tie with his running mate, Aaron Burr (who was intended to become vice Pres. per beforehand planning) in electoral college votes. To resolve the dispute, the House was invoked to decide the President, but it was now split between Jefferson and Burr, so Hamilton broke them in favor of Jefferson because he hated Burr.

Question 7

Explain the duel between Burr and Hamilton.

Answer 7

• Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton hated each other.
• Eventually they dueled, and Hamilton was shot and later died.
• Burr was charged but never convicted. This did end his political career.

Question 8

Jefferson’s relation with Sally Hemmings

Answer 8

• Was Jefferson’s slave.
• Jefferson raped Hemmings (she may have reciprocated, but it was probably rape), despite Jefferson’s view that miscegenation was wrong.

Question 9

The 12th amendment

Answer 9

• Says that the electoral college will cast separate ballets for President and vice President.
• Result of the confusion over the 1800 election.

Question 10

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 10

• Before leaving office, John Adams had appointed supreme court justice William Marbury among a number of other “midnight judges” appointed at the last minute.
• John Marshall, Adams’ secretary of state, was commissioned to deliver the paperwork for these appointees, but for Marbury, he didn’t deliver the commission before Adams’ term was officially up.
• Jefferson’s secretary of state, was now in charge, and he was ordered by Jefferson to not deliver them.
• Supreme Court rules Judiciary Act of 1789 (sect. 13) is unconstitutional, and it established the process of Judicial Review.

Question 11

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 11

• Napoleon attained the Louisiana Territory for France.
• This became a problem as the U.S. needed access to the New Orleans port as they were relying on the Mississippi River to develop the Northwest Territory.
• Thomas Jefferson sends Robert Livingston to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans port access, but Livingston learns that Napoleon is willing to sell the entirety of Louisiana to the U.S., Livingston takes the offer.
• Jefferson regarded this purchase as unconstitutional but signed off on it anyways.

Question 12

Corps of Discovery

Answer 12

• Was prompted by the Louisiana Purchase.
• Intended to explore Louisiana and west of that.
• Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
• They explore all the way to the west coast.
• Trip lasted 1804-6.
• They drew some maps, described the Indians and wildlife in the area, and most importantly, they explored the Oregon Territory.

Question 13

Sacajawea

Answer 13

• Shoshone Indian women
• Accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition.
• Was important because she was pregnant and a woman, so having her on the expedition made them not seem like a threat to the Indian groups.