Chapter 10 - The Jacksonian Era 1824-1845

Question 1

Second Great Awakening: what? When?

Answer 1

• Series of religious revivals characterized by great emotionalism in large public meetings.
• In the first half of the 19th century.

Question 2

Democratic Party: when? Under whose leadership? What did they favor?

Answer 2

• Political party formed under the leadership of Andrew Jackson.
• In the 1820s.
• Favored states’ rights and a limited role for the federal gov’t, especially in economic affairs.

Question 3

Albany Regency: when? What?

Answer 3

• Popular name for the state political machine in New York.
• Headed by Martin Van Buren.
• After 1820.

Question 4

Spoils system: what?

Answer 4

• The awarding of gov’t jobs to party loyalists.

Question 5

Indian Removal Act: when? What?

Answer 5

• Legislation passed by Congress in 1830 that provided funds for removing and resettling eastern Indians in the West.

Question 6

Trail of Tears: when? What? What is the significance?

Answer 6

• In 1838.
• The forced march of Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia to the Indian Territory in the West.
• Thousands of Cherokees died along the way.

Question 7

Black Hawk’s War: when? Who were the belligerents? What was the outcome?

Answer 7

• Short 1832 war in which federal troops and Illinois militia units defeated the Sauk and Fox Indians led by Black Hawk.

Question 8

Nullification crisis: when? What happened?

Answer 8

• Sectional crisis in the early 1830s in which a states’ rights party in South Carolina attempted to nullify federal law.

Question 9

Bank War: what?

Answer 9

• The political struggle between President Andrew Jackson and the supporters of the Second Bank of the US.

Question 10

Abolitionist movement: what? When?

Answer 10

• A radical antislavery crusade committed to the immediate end of slavery that emerged in the three decades before the Civil War.

Question 11

Whig Party: when? In opposition to what? What did they favor?

Answer 11

• Political party, formed in the mid-1830s in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats, that favored a strong role for the national gov’t in promoting economic growth.

Question 12

Specie Circular: what? When? By whom?

Answer 12

• Proclamation stipulating that only gold or silver could be used as payment for public land.
• In 1836.
• Issued by President Andrew Jackson.

Question 13

Independent Treasury System: what? By whom? What did it do?

Answer 13

• Fiscal arrangement.
• First instituted by President Martin Van Buren.
• The federal gov’t kept its money in regional vaults and transacted its business entirely in hard money.

Question 14

Gag rule: what? When?

Answer 14

• Procedural rule passed in the House of Representatives that prevented discussion of antislavery petitions.
• From 1836 to 1844.

Question 15

Second party system: what? When?

Answer 15

• The national two-party competition between Democrats and Whits from the 1830s through the early 1850s.

Question 16

Anti-Masons: what? When? Why?

Answer 16

• A third party.
• Formed in 1827.
• In opposition to the presumed power and influence of the Masonic order.

Question 17

Webster-Ashburton Treaty: who were the Belligerents? When? What did it resolve and result in?

Answer 17

• Treaty signed by the United States and Britain in 1842 that settled a boundary dispute between Maine and Canada and provided for closer cooperation in suppressing the African slave trade.