Lecture 18: Major Drugs and Forensic Toxicologist Flashcards
When was marijuana was introduced to the Caribbean and by who?
In 1838 by workers of India.
Why was the habit was taken on by the working class?
The habit was taken on by the working class as it was stated that marijuana increased morale and production.
Marijuana contain numerous compounds called
Marijuana contain numerous compounds called cannabinoids.
Cannabis contains over ______ chemical compounds and how many are classified as cannabinoids
Cannabis contains over 400 different chemical compounds and 85 are currently classified as cannabinoids
The group that contains the compound of interest,
tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly called THC.
Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on
the cannabinoid receptors in cells that repress neurotransmitter release in
the brain.
Ligands for these cannabinoid receptor proteins include:
- Endocannabinoids
- Phytocannabinoids
- Synthetic cannabinoids
WHat are Endocannabinoids ligands?
Endocannabinoids - produced naturally in the body by humans and
animals
What are phytocannabinoids?
Phytocannabinoids - found in cannabis and some other plants
What are Synthetic cannabinoids?
Synthetic cannabinoids are manufactured artificially.
The most notable cannabinoid is
The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),
The primary psychoactive compound of cannabis
Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of the plant.
What is the most psychoactive compound in marijuana?
THC the most psychoactive compound inmarijuana
How much percentage THC makes up the cannabinoid family.
THC constitutes 30% of the cannabinoid family.
THC is also known as
It is also known as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC).
THC was extracted by a team headed
by Dr. Raphael Mechoulam in 1964
What is the mechanism of THC?
Its mechanism involves its binding to the CB1 and CB2, which are cannabinoid receptors.
Is THC an agonist, antagonist or partial agonist
THC acts a partial agonist.
Cannabinoid receptors in the brain involved in a variety of physiological processes including
- Appetite,
- Pain-sensation
- Mood
- Memory.
When can THC be administered intravenously?
THC can be administered intravenously , however that is usually done under psychological clinical trial.
What is THC metabolised to in the human body
THC is metabolized mainly to 11-OH-THC (11-hydroxy-THC) by the human body.
11-OH-THC (11-hydroxy-THC) metabolite is oxidized to?
This metabolite (byproduct of metabolism) is still psychoactive and is further oxidized to 11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH
How much of THC is excreted in the faeces and in the urine.
More than 55% of THC is excreted in the faeces and ~20% in the urine.
The main metabolite in urine is
The ester of glucuronic acid and THC-COOH and free THC- COOH.