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06. Neuro Exam 2 shuffled > Lecture 18: Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

What are components of the basal ganglia?

A 
Caudate
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
Nucleus Accumbens
Ventral pallidum (Substantia Innominata)
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2
Q

Where is substantia nigra found?

A

Midbrain

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3
Q

What are the two parts of substantia nigra?

A

Pars reticulata

Pars compacta

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4
Q

What makes up the striatum?

A

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

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5
Q

What makes up lenticular nucleus?

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

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6
Q

What makes up dorsal basal nucleus?

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

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7
Q

What make up ventral striatum?

A

Nucleus Acumbens

Olfactory Nucleus

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8
Q

What makes up ventral pallidum?

A

Substantia Innominata

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9
Q

What makes up paleostriatum?

A

Globus Pallidus

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10
Q

What makes up striatal complex?

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Nucleus Accumbens
Olfactory Nucleus

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11
Q

What makes up palladial complex?

A

Globus Pallidus

Substantia Innominata

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12
Q

What is the anterior limb of internal capsule between?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

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13
Q

What is the posterior limb of internal capsule between?

A

Thalamus and putamen

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14
Q

What structures are involved with controlling facial, limb, and trunk musculature?

A

Cerebral Cortex: Motor areas
Input Nuclei: Putamen
Output Nuclei: Globus Pallidus - Internal
Thalamic Nuclei: Ventral anterior and Ventral lateral

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15
Q

What structures are involved with controlling saccadic eye movements?

A

Cerebral Cortex: Eye fields
Input Nuclei: Body of Caudate Nucleus
Output Nuclei: Substantia Nigra - Pars Reticulata
Thalamic Nuclei: Ventral anterior and Medial dorsal

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16
Q

What structures are involved with controlling cognition and executive behavioral functions?

A

Cerebral Cortex: Parietal and Temporal Lobe
Input Nuclei: Head of Caudate Nucleus
Output Nuclei: Substantia Nigra - Pars Reticulata
Thalamic Nuclei: Ventral anterior and Medial dorsal

17
Q

What structures are involved with controlling the regulation of behavior and emotions?

A

Cerebral Cortex: Temporal Lobe + Hippocampal Formation
Input Nuclei: Nucleus Accumbens
Output Nuclei: Ventral Pallidum (Substantia Innominata)
Thalamic Nuclei: Ventral anterior and Medial dorsal

18
Q

What causes Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Substantia nigra doesn’t release enough dopamine, affecting walking, speech, and facial expressions

Not enough movement!

19
Q

What are symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?

A 
Classic Triad: pill-rolling tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
Hypokinesia
Postular Instability
Dementia
Visual Impairments
20
Q

What can cause Parkinsonian Syndrome?

A 
Head Trauma
Designer Drug MPTOP
CO and Manganese poisoning
Wilson Disease
Encephalitis Lethargica
Dopamine blocking drugs
21
Q

What causes Huntington’s Disease?

A

Autosomal dominant disorder that causes degeneration of neurons in the striatum, leading to decreased GABA

22
Q

What are some symptoms of Huntington’s Disease?

A 
Involuntary, jerky, and rapid movements
Dementia
Unsteady gait
Slurred Speech
Depression
23
Q

What causes ballismus?

A

Lesions of contralateral subthalamic nucleus that can cause flailing movement of the whole extremity

24
Q

What is chorea?

A

Spontaneous, rapid, jerky, involuntary movements

25
Q

What are the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever?

A

Use JONES Criteria

  • Arthritis
  • Heart issue (carditis)
  • Subcutaneous nodules
  • Erythema marginatum
  • Sydenhma’s chorea
26
Q

What are symptoms of athetosis?

A

Movements are writhing or snake-like

27
Q

Where can athetosis be seen with?

A

Dopamine blocking drugs

Hypoxic ischemic injury

28
Q

What is Writer’s Cramp (Focal Dystonia)?

A

Persistence or fixing of posture at the extreme of an athetoid movement
-In extremities or trunk

06. Neuro Exam 2 shuffled (26 decks)

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