Lab 1: Gross Brain Flashcards
What is the embryological origin of the brain?
Neuroectoderm
What is the embryological origin of the spinal cord?
Neuroectoderm
What is the embryological origin of the dura mater?
Paraxial Mesoderm
What is the embryological origin of the pia-arachnoid mater?
Neural Crest Cells
What are cisterns?
Openings of the subarachnoid space in the brain created by separations of the arachnoid and pia mater
Where is cisterna magna?
Between Cerebellum and Medulla
Where is pontine cistern?
Ventral surface of brainstem at junction of of pons and medulla
Where is interpeduncular cistern?
Between two cerebral peduncles
Where is quadrigeminal cistern?
Between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the superior surface of the cerebellum
What is the foramen of Magendie?
Communication between fourth ventricle and Cisterna Magna
What is the foramen of Luschka?
Communication between fourth ventricle and pontine cistern
What is arachnoid villi/granulations?
Transfers CSF back to blood via venous sinuses
What does the olive in the medulla do?
Relay center from telencephalon to cerebellum
Where can glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves be found?
Postolivary sulcus: behind olive
What composes the cerebellum?
Two lateral hemispheres
Midline Vermis
What are the folds on the cerebellum called?
Folia
What is another name for Cerebral peduncles?
Crus Cerebri
What is the superior colliculus a reflex center for?
Sight
What is the inferior colliculus a reflex center for?
Hearing
Where are the superior and inferior colliculi found?
Dorsal surface of midbrain
Where is the diencephalon located?
Between midbrain (mesencephalon) and cerebrum (telencephalon)
What forms the caudal portion of hypothalamus and is rostral to the infundibular stalk of the pituitary gland?
Mammillary Bodies
The optic nerves belong to which part of the brain?
Diencephalon
Where do optic tracts terminate?
Lateral Geniculate Body
What are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?
Posterior: Central Sulcus
Inferior: Lateral Sulcus
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Precentral Gyrus of the Frontal Lobe
What are the boundaries of the occipital lobe?
Anterior: Parieto-occipital sulcus
Lateral: Preoccipital notch (between occipital and temporal lobe, superior to cerebellum)
Where is the primary sensory cortex?
Postcentral gyrus of Parietal Lobe
Where is insula located?
Deep to lateral sulcus
What are the flaps that cover the insula called?
Operculum
What two pairs of arteries supply the brain?
Internal Carotid Arteries
Vertebral Arteries
What branch of the vertebral artery is found in the lower part of the medulla?
Posterior Spinal Artery
What artery arises medially from the vertebral artery and unites on ventral surface of medulla?
Anterior Spinal Artery
What do the two vertebral arteries form into at the pons?
Basilar Artery
What does the labyrinthine artery supply?
Internal Auditory structures
What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
How does the basilar artery communicate with internal carotid arteries?
Posterior communicating arteries
What does the middle cerebral artery give off?
What does it supply?
Anterior Choroidal Artery and Lenticulostriate Arteries
-supply deep structures of cerebrum
What does the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
Lower surface of temporal lobe
Medial surface of occipital lobe
What does the middle cerebral arteries supply?
Lateral part of cerebral hemisphere
What does the anterior cerebral arteries supply?
Medial part of cerebral hemisphere
Superior portion of lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes
Where do the veins of the brain drain into?
Dural Sinuses
Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain to?
What vein drains the sinus?
Transverse Sinus
Superior Cerebral Veins
Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain to?
Straight Sinus
Where does the Great Cerebral Vein drain to?
Straight Sinus
What are the boundaries of the fourth ventricle?
Roof: Superior Medullary Velum and Cerebellum
Lateral: Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
Floor: Striae Medullares of thalamus (superior) and medulla (inferior)
What structures can you see in the floor of the fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)?
Median Sulcus
Sulcus Limitans: separates motor and sensory nuclei
What is the cerebral aqueduct?
Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle
What are the boundaries of the cerebral aqueduct?
Posterior: Tectal Plate (where superior and inferior colliculi sit)
Anterior: Tegmentum
What forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle?
Dorsal thalamus
The thalamus contains nuclei of which pathway to the cerebral cortex?
Sensory Pathway
