Lecture 1: Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord (Part 1)

Question 1

What areas contain gray matter in the brain?

Answer 1

Neuronal Cell Bodies (includes nucleus)

Dendrites

Question 2

What is the action of Broca’s area?

Answer 2

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

(speaking, handwriting, texting)

Question 3

What parts of the brain make up Broca’s Area?

Answer 3

Opercular and Triangular Parts of Inferior frontal gyrus

Question 4

What part of the parietal lobe is involved in language comprehension?

Answer 4

Inferior parietal lobule

Usually left hemisphere

Question 5

What areas compose the white matter in the brain?

What are important terms regarding white matter?

Answer 5

Axons (can be covered with myelin)

• Fasciculus
• Funiculus
• Lemniscus
• Peduncle
• Tract

Question 6

What is the action of Wernicke’s area?

Answer 6

Language Comprehension

Question 7

What actions/responses is the limbic lobe responsible for?

Answer 7

• Emotional response
• Drive-related behavior
• Memory

Question 8

What gyri are found in the frontal lobe?

Answer 8

• Precentral Gyrus
• Superior Frontal Gyrus
• Middle Frontal Gyrus
• Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Question 9

What does the medial part of the temporal lobe do?

Answer 9

Learning

Memory

Question 10

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 10

Postcentral parietal gyrus

Question 11

What is a gyrus?

Answer 11

Ridge of cortical tissue

Results from folding

Question 12

Where is the insula?

What outlines it?

Answer 12

• Buried in lateral sulcus
• Can be seen my removing opercula
• Outlined by the circular sulcus

Question 13

What is a sulcus?

Answer 13

Groove located between gyri

Question 14

Which hemisphere contains Broca’s area?

Answer 14

Left (Usually)

Question 15

What does the parietooccipital sulcus divide?

Answer 15

Parietal Lobe and Occipital Lobe

Question 16

What is a homonculus?

Answer 16

• A somatotopic map in the postcentral gyrus that reflects the amount of innervation to a given body area
  
  • Spatialy distorted
• Coronal cut
• Sensory and motor map

Question 17

What is the action of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 17

Executive Functions: personality, decision making, insight, foresight

Most anterior part of frontal lobe

Question 18

What gyri are found in the parietal lobe?

Answer 18

• Postcentral Gyrus
• Superior Parietal Gyrus
• Inferior Parietal Gyrus

Question 19

Between what two sulci is the cuneus of the occipital lobe located between?

Answer 19

Parietooccipital sulcus

Calcarine sulcus

Question 20

What are the subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 20

• Forebrain
  
  • Cerebral Hemispheres
  • Diencephalon (thalamus structure)
• Cerebellum
• Brainstem

Question 21

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

Answer 21

Processing tactile and propioceptive information, sensory localization

Question 22

What are some other jobs of the parietal lobe?

Answer 22

Spatial Orientation

Directing Attention

Question 23

What does the cingulate sulcus divide?

Answer 23

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Lingual Lobe (cingulate + parahippocampal gyrus)

Question 24

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 24

Superior Temporal Gyrus

Question 25

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for taste?

Answer 25

Insula

Question 26

Which hemisphere usually contains Wernicke’s area?

Answer 26

Left

Question 27

What is the bump at the anterior end of the parahippocampal gyrus called?

Answer 27

Uncus

Question 28

What is the action of the premotor and supplementary motor areas of the frontal lobe?

Answer 28

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

Question 29

Where is the cuneus found?

Answer 29

Between parietooccipital sulcus and calcarine sulcus

Question 30

What does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 30

Frontal and Parietal Lobe

Question 31

What are the boundaries of the limbic lobe?

Answer 31

Strip of cortex that appears encircles the telencephalon-diencephalon junction

• Between the corpus callosum & frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes
• Curves around to occupy part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe

Question 32

Where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 32

Walls of the Calcarine Sulcus

Question 33

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 33

Primary Auidtory Cortex: Superior temporal gyrus (posterior portion and some of inferior parietal lobule)

Supramarginal Gyrus + Angular Gyrus

Question 34

What is a fissure?

Answer 34

Particularly deep sulci

Question 35

What parts of brain mostly compose the limb lobe?

Answer 35

• Cingulate Gyrus
• Parahippocampal Gyrus: learning and memory

Question 36

What is the importance of gyri and sulci?

Answer 36

Increases total crotical area and total number of cortical neurons

Question 37

Where is the primary motor cortex contained in the brain?

Answer 37

Precentral frontal gyrus

Controls voluntary movement

Question 38

What does the lateral sulcus divide?

Answer 38

Frontal and Parietal Lobe from Temporal Lobe

Question 39

What limbic structure is located beneath the uncus of the temporal lobe?

Answer 39

Amygdala

Question 40

What gyri are found in the occiptal lobe?

Answer 40

• Cuneus
• Lingual Gyrus
• Occipitotemporal Gyrus
• Lateral Occipital Gyrus

Question 41

What gyri are found in the temporal lobe?

Answer 41

• Superior Temporal Gyrus
• Middle Temporal Gyrus
• Inferior Temporal Gyrus