Lecture 17: Weathering and Mass Movements Flashcards

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1
Q

______ are processes that operate on or near the Earths surface (e.g. glaciation, coastal waves, river erosion)

A

Exogenic

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2
Q

What is the energy that drives exogenic processes?

A

solar radiation

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3
Q

______ are processes that operate in the subsurface but can influence the Earth surface (e.g. volcanic and seismic activity).

A

Endogeneic

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4
Q

What is the energy that drives endogenic processes?

A

internal geothermal heat from radioactive decay elements, drives plate tectonics

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5
Q

_____ is the set processes that act to break down materials (bedrock) at the surface and in the shallow subsurface.

A

Weathering

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6
Q

_______ is produced from the partial fracturingand decomposition of bedrock.

A

Regolith

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of weathering processes?

A

Physical, chemical, biological (organic)

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8
Q

What are the three types of physical weathering processes?

A

Freeze-thaw (freezing of water in pores and openings in sediment and rock causes the formation of ice)

Salt crystal growth (Evaporation of highly saline water from pores and openings in rock or sediment can produce a supersaturated solution, from which salt crystals precipitate)

Pressure release (Expansion of rock that results from the removal of overlying sediments and rock (e.g. by erosion) or the removal of an overlying glacial ice mass)

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of chemical weathering processes?

A

Solution, Carbonation, Hydrolysis, Oxidation

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10
Q

True or False: in chemical reactions, several chemical reactions can occur, reactions are more effective at high temperature, low pH, and under moist conditions, materials that are produced are more stable than the original substances

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Physical weathering occurs in places where there is little soil and few plants to grow.

A

True

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12
Q

_____ is a slow to very rapid downslope motion of soil, sediment and or rock from high to low elevation.

A

Mass movement

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13
Q

What are the 3 functions of slope stability?

A

(i) the materials that comprise the slope,
(ii) the gradient of the slope, and
(iii) the moisture content of the materials.

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14
Q

What are 5 types of mass movements?

A
Falls
Topples
Slides
Flows
Complex
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15
Q

_____ motion is achieved by internal shearing within the flowing mass (similar to fluidflow).

A

Flow

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16
Q

______failures display more than one type of motion. For example, large rockslides can behave like flows and spread across large areas (called a Rock Avalanche)

A

Complex

17
Q

_____ is the detachment and downslope motion of a mass of rock or sediment along a well defined failure surface. The failure surface may be a bedding plane, fault, fracture or other discontinuity, the surface may be a plane or curve

A

Slides

18
Q

____ are the forward rotation of a cohesive block of rock, failure occurs along well developed joints or bedding planes.

A

Topple

19
Q

_____ detachment of blocks from steep surfaces

A

Falls

20
Q

What are the 3 ways mass movement occurs?

A

(i) moisture (Rain or Snowmelt),
(ii) seismic shock, and
(iii) undercutting