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Cog psych > Lecture 17: language and thought > Flashcards

Lecture 17: language and thought Flashcards

1
Q

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

language shapes thought patterns

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2
Q

linguistic determinism

A

language determines certain non linguistic cognitive processes

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3
Q

linguistic relativity

A

across languages, different non linguistic cognitive processes are affected

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4
Q

Language and thought

A

the way something is described can influence how we think about it

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5
Q

Washing clothes study:

A

title enhanced people’s encoding and responses to recall and comprehension questions about text passages

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6
Q

differentiation

A

refers to the number of words in a given domain in a lexicon (colors, fruits, etc)

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7
Q

strong version of SWH

A

the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories

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8
Q

weak version of the SWH

A

the presence of linguistic categories influences the ease with which various cognitive operations are performed

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9
Q

Space is not a universal

A

Tzeltal speakers use north and south while Dutch speakers use up, down, left, right

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10
Q

English speakers speak of time using ____-____ metaphore

A

front-back

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11
Q

Mandarin speakers use _____ metaphores

A

verticle

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12
Q

object descriptions can be ______ and ______

A

feminine and masculine

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13
Q

Bridge is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish

A

feminine

masculine

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14
Q

Key is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish

A

masculine

feminine

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15
Q

hue

A

wavelength, oscillation frequency of light radiation

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16
Q

brightness

A

intensity, amplitude of light radiation

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17
Q

saturation

A

purity, intensity of dominant wavelength

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18
Q

Berline and Kay

A

every language has a small number of basic color terms

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19
Q

basic color terms

A

one-,morphemic, not contained within another color, not restricted to a small number of objects

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20
Q

a language with only two basic color terms will have ____ and ____. When there is athird term, it is always ___

A

black
white
red

21
Q

focal colors

A

the most representative example of a basic color (the bluest blue etc) (memory is better for focal than for non-focal)

22
Q

can different languages have different visible colors?

A

yes

23
Q

same names will be in the same _____

A

color

24
Q

Similarity judgements

A

looking at 3 colors and choosing the 2 closes hues, judged it for their language

25
Q

linguistic relativity effects in the ___ hemisphere but not in the ___

A

left

right

26
Q

aphasia

A

language impairment caused by brain damage

27
Q

broca’s aphasia

A

difficulty with production: slow, halting speech, no function words, gist maintained

28
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

difficulty with comprehension, fluent grammatical speech, makes little sense (word salad), made up words, word substitutions

29
Q

shift speech error

A

“that’s so she’ll be ready in case she decides to hits it”

30
Q

exchange

A

fancy getting your model renosed

31
Q

anticipation

A

bake my bike

32
Q

perseveration

A

he pulled a pantrum

33
Q

addition

A

i didn’t explain this clarefully enough

34
Q

deletion

A

i’ll just get up and mutter _intelligibly

35
Q

substitution

A

at low speed it’s too light [heavy]

36
Q

blend

A

that child is lookin to be spaddled [spanked/paddled[

37
Q

phonemic level anticipation

A

leading list [reading list]

38
Q

phonemic level perseveration

A

beef needle [noodle]

39
Q

phonemic level exchange

A

queer old dean [dear old queen]

40
Q

Spoonerism

A

switching of 2 sounds in separate words, each taking the place of the other

41
Q

phonotactic constraints

A

sequences of sounds are possible in a given language (fleudian shrip)

42
Q

independence of planning units

A

speech errors tend to occur only at one level of planning

43
Q

second language acquisition (SLA)

A

people learn a language other than their native tongue, inside or outside a classroom

44
Q

separate-store models

A

there are separate lexicons for each language

45
Q

common-store models

A

there is 1 lexicon and 1 semantic memory system, with words from both languages stored in it and connected directly together

46
Q

bilinguals’ languages are always (on/off)

A

on

47
Q

bilingual children have (more/less) advanced cognitive ability to solve problems with misleading info

A

more

48
Q

lifelong bilinguals diagnosed with dementia on average show symptoms of the disease __ years later than monolinguals

A

4

Cog psych (7 decks)

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