Lecture 17: language and thought Flashcards
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
language shapes thought patterns
linguistic determinism
language determines certain non linguistic cognitive processes
linguistic relativity
across languages, different non linguistic cognitive processes are affected
Language and thought
the way something is described can influence how we think about it
Washing clothes study:
title enhanced people’s encoding and responses to recall and comprehension questions about text passages
differentiation
refers to the number of words in a given domain in a lexicon (colors, fruits, etc)
strong version of SWH
the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories
weak version of the SWH
the presence of linguistic categories influences the ease with which various cognitive operations are performed
Space is not a universal
Tzeltal speakers use north and south while Dutch speakers use up, down, left, right
English speakers speak of time using ____-____ metaphore
front-back
Mandarin speakers use _____ metaphores
verticle
object descriptions can be ______ and ______
feminine and masculine
Bridge is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish
feminine
masculine
Key is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish
masculine
feminine
hue
wavelength, oscillation frequency of light radiation
brightness
intensity, amplitude of light radiation
saturation
purity, intensity of dominant wavelength
Berline and Kay
every language has a small number of basic color terms
basic color terms
one-,morphemic, not contained within another color, not restricted to a small number of objects
a language with only two basic color terms will have ____ and ____. When there is athird term, it is always ___
black
white
red
focal colors
the most representative example of a basic color (the bluest blue etc) (memory is better for focal than for non-focal)
can different languages have different visible colors?
yes
same names will be in the same _____
color
Similarity judgements
looking at 3 colors and choosing the 2 closes hues, judged it for their language
linguistic relativity effects in the ___ hemisphere but not in the ___
left
right
aphasia
language impairment caused by brain damage
broca’s aphasia
difficulty with production: slow, halting speech, no function words, gist maintained
wernicke’s aphasia
difficulty with comprehension, fluent grammatical speech, makes little sense (word salad), made up words, word substitutions
shift speech error
“that’s so she’ll be ready in case she decides to hits it”
exchange
fancy getting your model renosed
anticipation
bake my bike
perseveration
he pulled a pantrum
addition
i didn’t explain this clarefully enough
deletion
i’ll just get up and mutter _intelligibly
substitution
at low speed it’s too light [heavy]
blend
that child is lookin to be spaddled [spanked/paddled[
phonemic level anticipation
leading list [reading list]
phonemic level perseveration
beef needle [noodle]
phonemic level exchange
queer old dean [dear old queen]
Spoonerism
switching of 2 sounds in separate words, each taking the place of the other
phonotactic constraints
sequences of sounds are possible in a given language (fleudian shrip)
independence of planning units
speech errors tend to occur only at one level of planning
second language acquisition (SLA)
people learn a language other than their native tongue, inside or outside a classroom
separate-store models
there are separate lexicons for each language
common-store models
there is 1 lexicon and 1 semantic memory system, with words from both languages stored in it and connected directly together
bilinguals’ languages are always (on/off)
on
bilingual children have (more/less) advanced cognitive ability to solve problems with misleading info
more
lifelong bilinguals diagnosed with dementia on average show symptoms of the disease __ years later than monolinguals
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