Lecture 17 - Coding & categorization Flashcards
(?) Describe qualitative data analysis in general & its components
General:
- Empiri –> Meaning
- Use data > Get data
- Interpret data > Organize data
Components:
- Data collection
- Data display: Visualize data. Matrixes & queries
- Data condensation: -Structure & find/construct meaning of data
- Conclusions: Drawing/verifying
(!) Describe thematic analysis in general
- Systematic organize & describe data in rich detail
- Identify, analyze & report pattern across dataset: Themes
- Interpret various aspects of identified patterns
- No particular theoretical framework
- Differ in terms of philosophy & process for prod. themes
- Not linear process
(!) Describe the phases of thematic analysis
Familiarize with data:
- Read through each data item
- Note interests
- Be inclusive
- Read active, analytical & critical
__________
Generate initial codes:
General:
- Inductive or deductive
- Identify interesting feature of data
- An interpretive act: Evoke data
- A cyclical act: Code can change
- Reflect & carefully read text
- Semantic or latent content
Process:
- Code both during & after data collection
- Re-label & recode
- Have code-book
- Write analytic memos to document
- Reflect on coding process & code choices
__________
Search for themes:
- Capture something important
- Some kind of pattern response or meaning
- Relate to RQ
__________
Review themes:
- Coherent pattern of theme?
- Thematic map fit entire data set?
__________
Define & name themes:
- Identify essence of each theme
- Identify story of each theme
- Fit to overall story
- Identify main & sub-themes:
__________
Produce report:
- Tell story
- Relate argument to RQ
- Not just data description
(!) Describe the coding three for data structure
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(!) Describe deductive & inductive coding in general, its reliability & its process
Deductive coding:
- Top down: From theme to code
- Pre-defined list of codes
- Derived from conceptual framework
- In structured research projects
- In some mixed method projects
Reliability:
Unitization:
- Sentences
- Paragraphs
- Units of meaning
Intercoder reliability:
- Same code for two or more for isolated coders
- Ensure reproducability
Intercoder agreement:
- Agreed code for two or more coders
____________
Inductive coding:
General:
- Bottom up: From code to theme
- Code based on data: Not researcher
- Capture complexity & diversity of data
- In explorative research projects
Two cycles:
First cycle coding:
General:
- First order analysis
- Open coding
Elements:
- Select relevant data segments
- Label faithfully to informant terms
- Lost if many codes
Second cycle:
General:
- Second order analysis
Elements:
- Develop categories
- Develop link between categories
- Develop concepts
- Involve theory & previous research: Researchers voice
- Develop aggregate dimensions
- Build data structure
(!) Describe the advantages & limitations of deductive & inductive coding
General:
- Abductive method in between
____________
Deductive:
Advantages:
- Easier coding
- Limited # codes
- More structured
- Stronger link between theoretical framework & coding/findings
Limitations:
- Decrease chance of surprising findings
- Risk of confirmation bias
____________
Inductive:
Advantages:
- Close to data: Give voice to data
- Open to new findings
Limitations
- Risk of confusing & too large coding sets
- Risk of limited theoretical grounding
(!) Describe advantages & critiques of coding
Advantages:
- Deep, comprehensive & thorough insights in data
- Easy data access
- Sort & structure data
- Ensure transparency
- Ensure validity
- Give voice to participants
Critiques:
- Break data into bits: Less holism, dynamism & complexity
- Decontextualization
- Subjective nature of the coding process
- No mechanical quick fix
(?) Describe memos
- Ongoing documentation of researchers reflections & thinking processes related to data
- First draft reports
