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Pharm > Lecture 17: Cannabis > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Cannabis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cannabis?

A

A genus of flowering plant that contains many bioactive compounds

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2
Q

What are the most studied bioactive compounds from Cannabis?

A

THC and CBD

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3
Q

What are Cannabinoids?

A

A class of chemical compounds that act at the cannabinoid receptors

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4
Q

What are some common non-cannabinoid chemicals?

A

Terpenoids

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5
Q

What gives cannabis plants their characteristic smell?

A

Terpenoids

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6
Q

What effects can terpenoids have?

A

Terpenoids can be anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti anxiety

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7
Q

What is absorption or bioavailability?

A

The fraction of an administered drug that reaches effectors

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8
Q

What is the bioavailability of smoked THC?

A

25%

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9
Q

What is the bioavailability of ingested THC?

A

6%

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10
Q

Why is THC rapidly taken up by tissues with high blood flow?

A

Because it is very lipophilic

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11
Q

Which tissues accumulate THC more slowly and release it over a longer period of time?

A

Tissues with less blood flow

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12
Q

Where does THC metabolism occur?

A

In the liver

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13
Q

Which liver enzyme works on THC?

A

Cytochrome P450 2C9

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14
Q

What kind of receptors ar Cannabinoid receptors?

A

Inhibitory G-protein coupled receptors

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15
Q

What are the two types of Cannabinoid receptors?

A

CB1 and CB2

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16
Q

What does activation of CB receptors do?

A

Because they are inhibitory G protein coupled receptors they decrease cAMP and inhibits the influx of calcium and decreases synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter release

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17
Q

What kind of agonist is THC and the CB1 receptors?

A

A partial agonists

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18
Q

What is a partial agonist at CB1 receptors?

A

THC

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of CBD?

A

The mechanism of action of CBD is poorly understood but it is though that is is a negative allosteric modulator at CB1

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20
Q

How does CBD affect THC?

A

It can blunt the psychotropic effects of THC

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21
Q

What are the most abundant GPCRs in the body?

A

CB1 receptors

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22
Q

Where are CB1 receptors found?

A
  • Brain
  • Peripheral organs
  • Peripheral nerves
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23
Q

Where are CB2 receptors mostly found?

A

On immune cells, glial cells

24
Q

What are the acute adverse effects of THC?

A
  • Panic attacks
  • Severe anxiety
  • psychosis
  • paranoia
  • hyperemesis
25
Q

How can cannabis affect a fetus?

A

Cannabis use may lead to neuroanatomical and behavior changes in offspring

26
Q

How is Cannabis and Schizophrenia related?

A

Cannabis use can be linked to the development of psychosis. And can worsen psychosis

27
Q

What is Psychological Dependance?

A

Compulsive drug seeking behavior in which the individual uses the drug repetitively for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health

28
Q

What is COMT?

A

An enzymes that is important in breaking down the monoamine neurotransmitters

29
Q

What do people with the valine copies in the gene have?

A

A much higher risk of developing schizophrenia if they use cannabis during adolescence

30
Q

What is Physiological dependance revealed?

A

When withdrawal of the drug produces symptoms and signs that are frequently opposite of those sought by the user

31
Q

What is Cannabis Withdrawal?

A

It is mild and short lived. With symptoms of restlessness, irritability, mild agitation, insomnia, nausea and cramping

32
Q

What is addiction?

A

The inability to control the use of legal or illegal substances despite negative consequences

33
Q

What are synthetic cannabinoids?

A

A manufactured compound whose properties imitate those of the active constituents of cannabis

34
Q

Why are synthetic cannabinoids developed?

A

Because it’s easier to determine the dose when there is only one compound present and their are decreased off target effects

35
Q

What are the some of the types of Synthetic Cannabinoids?

A

Nabilone
Dronabinol
Nabiximols
Rimonabant

36
Q

What receptors do synthetic Nabilone and Dronabinol target?

A

CB1 receptors

37
Q

What kind of agonists are Nabilone and Dronabinol?

A

Partial agonists at the CB1 receptor

38
Q

How is Nabilone and Dronabinol taken?

A

Orally

39
Q

What are Nabiximols?

A

A synthetic cannabinoid that has a 1:1 mixture of THC and CBD

40
Q

What is Nabiximol used for?

A

It is used for relief of pain in adult patients suffering from MS or cancer

41
Q

What is Dronabinol used for?

A

Nausea and vomiting in patients who undergo chemotherapy and anorexia in AIDS

42
Q

What does Rimonabant do at the receptor?

A

It is an inverse agonist at the CB1 receptor

43
Q

What was Rimonabant used for?

A

It was approved for obesity but later withdrawn for serious adverse effects by suppressing appetite

44
Q

What are Endogenous Cannabinoids?

A

The molecules that the body makes themselves to bind to cannabinoid receptors

45
Q

What are the two types of Endogenous Cannabinoids?

A

Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)

46
Q

What are Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) made from?

A

The phospholipid bilayer of the membrane

47
Q

How is Anandamide made from the Phospholipid Bilayer?

A

N-acetyltransferase converts it into NAPE and Phospholipase D converts Anandamide

48
Q

How is 2-AG made from the Phospholipid Bilayer?

A

Phospholipase C converts it to DAG and DAG lipase converts it into 2-AG

49
Q

What kind of neurotransmitters are AEA and 2-AG?

A

They are retrograde neurotransmitters

50
Q

How are AEA and 2-AG synthesized

A

Neurotransmitters that are not stored in vesicles but are synthesized on demand when needed

51
Q

Why are AEA and 2-AG retrograde neurotransmitters?

A

Because they act on the cannabinoid receptors on the presynaptic membrane and inhibit the neuron because they target Gi

52
Q

How do endocannabinoids affect other neurotransmitters?

A

They decrease neuronal release of other transmitters

53
Q

What is synthesis of 2AG and AEA stimulated by?

A

An increase concentration of intracellular calcium when the postsynaptic neuron becomes depolarized by the action of a neurotransmitters

54
Q

What are AEA and 2AG cleared from the synapse and inactivated by?

A

Fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylglycerol (MAGL)

55
Q

What effects do FAAH/MAGL inhibitors have?

A

They are analgesic but do not produce typical psychoactive effects of THC, sedation, catalepsy or hypothermia

Pharm (31 decks)

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