Lecture 17 Flashcards
the sinusoids are lined with what 2 types of cells?
endothelial cells and kupffer cells
what is found between endothelial cells and hepatocytes?
space of Disse
the liver has ___ blood flow and ___ vascular resistance
high, low
what is the portal pressure into the liver
9 mmHg
cirrhosis ___ blood resistance to blood flow
increases
what is the normal volume of the liver
450 ml (10% of boys blood volume)
hepatic sinusoids are highly permeable to
proteins
large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity is what?
ascites
this function of the liver stores glucose as glycogen and involves gluconeogenesis
carbohydrate metabolism
this function of the liver involves oxidation of FAs for energy
fat metabolism
this function of the liver forms urea, involves deamination of aa, and formation of plasma proteins
protein metabolism
this function of the liver involves vitamins
vitamin storage
the liver is also involved in formation of coagulation factors and removal of drugs and hormones
functions of the liver
bile is secreted continuously in the liver by
hepatocytes
what factors stimulate the release f bile from the gall bladder?
presence of fatty food in duodenum
nile salts are positioned on the __ of the micelles
outside
free fatty acids and monoglycerides are ___ the micelle
inside
hepatic bile is produced and secreted by the
liver
increased hemolysis and obstruction of bile ducts or damage to liver can lead to
jaundice
these cells secrete glucagon and make up 25% of total cells
alpha
these cells secrete insulin and amylin and make up 60% of total cells
beta
these cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon and gastrin.
delta
digestive enzyme for carbohydrates
pancreatic amylase
digestive enzymes for fat
pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase
these cells produce small volumes of pancreatic secretion composed mainly of Na and Cl ions
acinar cells
these cells secrete bicarbonate ions and reabsorb Cl ion via Cl/bicarb ion exchange mechanism
ductal cells
this is released in the presence of food in the upper intestine, secreted by mucosal I cells
cholecystokinin
released in response of acidic foods in upper intestines and secreted by mucosal S cells
secretin
this hormone decreases blood glucose, amino acids, K+ and FAs
insulin
most of the glucose absorbed after a meal is stored as glycogen in the ___
liver
the major effects of this hormone are breaking down liver glycogen and increasing gluconeogenesis. it also acts on the liver and adipose tissue
glucagon
this type of diabetes is due in part to lack of insulin secretion and injury to beta cells
type 1
this type of diabetes in due to insulin resistance and obesity is a major risk factor, leads to metabolic syndrome
type 2
