Lecture 17

Question 1

the sinusoids are lined with what 2 types of cells?

Answer 1

endothelial cells and kupffer cells

Question 2

what is found between endothelial cells and hepatocytes?

Answer 2

space of Disse

Question 3

the liver has ___ blood flow and ___ vascular resistance

Answer 3

high, low

Question 4

what is the portal pressure into the liver

Answer 4

9 mmHg

Question 5

cirrhosis ___ blood resistance to blood flow

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

what is the normal volume of the liver

Answer 6

450 ml (10% of boys blood volume)

Question 7

hepatic sinusoids are highly permeable to

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity is what?

Answer 8

ascites

Question 9

this function of the liver stores glucose as glycogen and involves gluconeogenesis

Answer 9

carbohydrate metabolism

Question 10

this function of the liver involves oxidation of FAs for energy

Answer 10

fat metabolism

Question 11

this function of the liver forms urea, involves deamination of aa, and formation of plasma proteins

Answer 11

protein metabolism

Question 12

this function of the liver involves vitamins

Answer 12

vitamin storage

Question 13

the liver is also involved in formation of coagulation factors and removal of drugs and hormones

Answer 13

functions of the liver

Question 14

bile is secreted continuously in the liver by

Answer 14

hepatocytes

Question 15

what factors stimulate the release f bile from the gall bladder?

Answer 15

presence of fatty food in duodenum

Question 16

nile salts are positioned on the __ of the micelles

Answer 16

outside

Question 17

free fatty acids and monoglycerides are ___ the micelle

Answer 17

inside

Question 18

hepatic bile is produced and secreted by the

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

increased hemolysis and obstruction of bile ducts or damage to liver can lead to

Answer 19

jaundice

Question 20

these cells secrete glucagon and make up 25% of total cells

Answer 20

alpha

Question 21

these cells secrete insulin and amylin and make up 60% of total cells

Answer 21

beta

Question 22

these cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon and gastrin.

Answer 22

delta

Question 23

digestive enzyme for carbohydrates

Answer 23

pancreatic amylase

Question 24

digestive enzymes for fat

Answer 24

pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase

Question 25

these cells produce small volumes of pancreatic secretion composed mainly of Na and Cl ions

Answer 25

acinar cells

Question 26

these cells secrete bicarbonate ions and reabsorb Cl ion via Cl/bicarb ion exchange mechanism

Answer 26

ductal cells

Question 27

this is released in the presence of food in the upper intestine, secreted by mucosal I cells

Answer 27

cholecystokinin

Question 28

released in response of acidic foods in upper intestines and secreted by mucosal S cells

Answer 28

secretin

Question 29

this hormone decreases blood glucose, amino acids, K+ and FAs

Answer 29

insulin

Question 30

most of the glucose absorbed after a meal is stored as glycogen in the ___

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

the major effects of this hormone are breaking down liver glycogen and increasing gluconeogenesis. it also acts on the liver and adipose tissue

Answer 31

glucagon

Question 32

this type of diabetes is due in part to lack of insulin secretion and injury to beta cells

Answer 32

type 1

Question 33

this type of diabetes in due to insulin resistance and obesity is a major risk factor, leads to metabolic syndrome

Answer 33

type 2