Lecture 17 Flashcards
What are some viruses that can cause Hepatitis as part of a general infection?
EBV, HSV, rubella, mumps, Echovirus, yellow fever
What is the genus and family of HAV?
HAV is from the picornaviridae family and its genus is herarnavirus.
Is HAV enveloped?
HAV is enveloped in the body and non-enveloped outside. It exits cells without lysis and has immune escape in the body, conferring resistance to neutralizing antibodies. There is no envelope outside the body in feces, which confers stability and transmission of the virus.
Where is HAV found and what are its serotypes and genotypes?
HAV is found in shellfish, water, soil, and marine sediment. It has one serotype and four genotypes (1, 2, 3, 7) in humans and three genotypes (4-6) in monkeys.
What is the clinical presentation and incubation period of Hep A?
Hep A’s clinical presentation depends on the age of the patient. Its incubation or pre-clinical phase is 10-50 days, and its symptomatic phase causes bilirubinuria, pale/clay-colored feces, and jaundice, along with liver enlargement and jaundice resolution of symptoms. The duration of illness is three weeks.
What are some complications of HAV infection?
Complications of HAV infection include cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatic failure.
What are some complications of HAV infection?
Complications of HAV infection include cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatic failure.
What are some complications of HAV infection?
Complications of HAV infection include cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatic failure.
What is the epidemiology of HAV and what is causing an epidemiologic shift?
The epidemiology of HAV includes high, intermediate, low, and very low endemicity. An epidemiologic shift is occurring due to global improvement in socio-economic conditions, which can increase the age of infection and subsequent disease burden, decrease in age-specific immunity to HAV, and an increase in the pool of susceptible people.
What are some current risks for HAV outbreaks?
Current risks for HAV outbreaks include international food trade and food-borne outbreaks in high-income countries, rural-to-urban migration in middle-income countries, and refugee migration in higher-income countries.
What are some lab diagnoses for HAV?
Lab diagnoses for HAV include liver function tests (e.g., ALT), serology (IgM anti-HAV for acute infection and total anti-HAV for past infections or vaccinations), and passive and active immunization.
What is Hep E, and what are its genotypes and modes of transmission?
Hep E is part of the hepeviridae family and orthohepevirus genus. Hep E can be asymptomatic, icteric, or fulminant. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route (contaminated water for HEV1 and HEV2 in developing countries) and zoonotic transmission (contaminated undercooked food or contact with animals; water contaminated with animal feces for HEV3 and 4).
What Hep E genotypes are found in humans?
genotypes 1-4 of orthohepevirus are found in humans.
Where are different Hep E found?
Genotypes 1 and 2 are found in developing countries, while genotypes 3 and 4 are found in industrialized countries.
