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Premidterm Term 3 - Immunology > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

The soluble proteins that contribute to the innate immunity

can be divided into:

A

▪ Antimicrobial serum agents
▪ Proteins produced by cells
▪ Complement system: series of pro-enzymes

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2
Q

Antimicrobial Serum Agents

A

Lactoferrin
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Mannose Binding lectin
-Serum amyloid A protein

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3
Q

Lactoferrin

A

iron-binding protein that competes with

pathogens for iron, an essential metabolite

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4
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

Acute-phase protein that binds to
phosphocholine in bacteria membranes and function in
opsonization. It activates complement via the classic pathway

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5
Q

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL):

A

MBL recognizes carbohydrate
patterns, found on bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi,
resulting in activation of the lectin pathway of the
complement system

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6
Q

Serum amyloid A protein (SAP)

A

binds to bacterial cell wall
lipopolysaccharide and serves as a receptor for phagocyte
attachment. Implicated in several chronic inflammatory
diseases, such as amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, and
rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

Interferon

A

▪ Small protein produced by certain white
blood cells and virally infected cells
▪ Produced in response to viruses, RNA,
immune products, and various antigens

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8
Q

Interferon alpha and Interferon

beta (Type I)

A

-Produced by any cell
act on neighboring uninfected cells
-inhibit transcription and translation

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9
Q
  1. Interferon gamma (Type II)
A

-Produced by: Th1, CTLs (CD8+), NK cells

▪ Promotes NK cell activity
▪ Increases activity of macrophages
-increase expression of MHCI
and MHCII
-Promotes adhesion and binding required for
leukocyte migration
-antiviral effects 
-respond to cancerous growth
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10
Q

IFN-g: Granuloma

A

-▪ Body’s way of dealing with a substance it

cannot remove

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11
Q

IFNγ-induced granuloma formation:

A

1.activation of Th1 helper cells by
macrophages
2.as well as IL-1 and IL-2
3. The Th1 cells then surround the macrophages
4.Release of IFNy
5.repeat
6.macrophages surround the Th1 cells to wall of infection

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12
Q

What is the complement system important for

A

recruitment
of inflammatory cells and the killing or opsonization of
pathogens

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13
Q

What activates the complement system

A

activated by

cleavage (cascade reaction)

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14
Q

Three mechanisms of the complement system

A

Antibody-Antigen (classic pathway)
• Microbial or non microbial foreign substances
(alternative pathway)
• Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) (lectin pathway)

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15
Q

The Classical pathway

A 
C1 binds to Ag-Ab
complex
▪ Activated C1 cleaves C4
and C2
▪ Formation of C3
convertase
▪ C3 is cleaved
▪ C5 is cleaved
▪ Sequential binding of
C5b, C6-C9
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16
Q

Alternative Pathway

A 
▪ Spontaneous cleavage
of C3 based on multiple
initiators
▪ Requires Factors B and
D
▪ Formation of C3
convertase (less stable)
• requires Properdin
17
Q

MBL Pathway

A 
Mannan-binding lectin
(MBL), an acute phase
protein found in serum binds
to carbohydrate residues on
cells or pathogen surfaces
▪ MBL-associated serine
protease (MASP) binds to
MBL
▪ This complex cleaves C4 and
C2 much like activated C1
(classical pathway)
18
Q

MAC

A 
Three pathways
converge with
activation of C5
convertase
▪ C5b binds antigenic
surface
▪ MAC is formed on
surface
▪ C5Components:
C5b,C6, C7, C8, C9
▪ Poly-C9: perforinlike molecule
19
Q

Functions of Complement-(C5b-C9)

A

• Cell lysis

20
Q

Functions of complement -Opsonization

A

C3b, C4b, and C1q

21
Q

Functions of Complement-Inflammation, anaphylactic reactions

A

C3a, C5a

22
Q

Functions of complement -Clearance of Immune complexes

A

C3b

23
Q

Function of complement -Viral neutralization

A

C3b, C5b-C9

24
Q

Inhibitor of the classical pathway

A

C1 inhibitor

25
Q

Prevent assembly of C3

convertase:

A

CR1 (CD35), MCP(CD46), C4b-binding protein

and Factor H

26
Q

▪ Accelerate decay of C3

convertase:

A

DAF

27
Q

Block MAC

A

CD59 (protectin),

S protein, clusterin

28
Q

Inactivates anaphylatoxin C3a

and C5a

A

Anaphylatoxin

inactivator

29
Q

Disrupts the alternative pathway

A

Factor H

Soluble

30
Q

Homologous restriction factor or the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis

A

Disrupts the Terminal pathway

31
Q

Hereditary angioedema

A

-subcutaneous and submucosal swelling
-Dysregulation of three different systems:
• Complement – classic (C1) and MBL (MASP-2)
pathways
-high concentration
of anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a
-Reduced C4 on serum test
-fibrin
buildup
-increased bradykinin
-absence of urticaria

Premidterm Term 3 - Immunology (5 decks)

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