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Premidterm Term 3 - Immunology > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cellular components of the innate system

A 
Monocytes/Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast Cells
Innate Lymphoid Cells
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2
Q

What are the cellular components of the adaptive system

A

B cells/Plasma cells

T cells

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3
Q

Myeloid Polymorphonuclear cells

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils,

Basophils, Mast cells

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4
Q

Mononuclear cells

A

Monocytes/Macrophages(innate ) and B cells and T cells (adaptive)

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5
Q

Lymphoid cells

A

Killer ILCs and Helper ILCs

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6
Q

what characterizes a PMN

A

a lobed nucleus

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7
Q

Most abundant PMNs

A

neutrophils

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8
Q

what is the function of neutrophils

A

▪ 1
1st to arrive at site of inflammation
(join the resident cells)

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9
Q

How do neutrophils destroy organisms

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)
  • release of hydrolytic enzymes
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10
Q

Time line for neutrophils

A

1-3 days

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11
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils

A

• Play a role in elimination of parasitic
helminths and allergic reactions
• Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
• Activated by IL5

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12
Q

What granules would you find in eosinophils

A

-Inside: basic proteins, cationic protein,
neurotoxin
-Outside: histaminase, peroxidase,
cathepsin

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13
Q

What is the function of basophils

A

• Play a role in allergic reactions

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14
Q

whats unique about basophils

A
  • They last for long periods of time

- has basic granules

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15
Q

What are the basophilic specific granules

A

heparin, histamine, chemotactic

factors, peroxidase

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16
Q

How can Mast cells be activated ?

A 
innate TLRs
and antibodydependent (IgE)
17
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Play important role in
development of
allergies

18
Q

Describe agranulocytes

A

-one-lobed nucleus
-characterized by the absence
of granules in their cytoplasm

19
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes

A

Monocytes circulate in blood and
then migrate into tissue and
differentiate into specific
macrophage

20
Q

What are the general functions of macrophages

A

-Surveillance
-Ingest and eliminate material
-To extract immunogenic
information (antigen
presenting cell, APC)

21
Q

What are the functions of dendritic cells(the gossip girl)

A

Surveillance
• Initiation of inflammatory response
• Stimulation of adaptive immune system

22
Q

Describe dendritic cells

A

Long membranous extensions and CD14+

23
Q

What gives rise to DC2 cells

A

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, that originate from lymphoid

precursors

24
Q

What constitutes the DC1

A

-myeloid precursors
- follicular
dendritic cells and Langerhans cells

25
Q

Natural killer cells

A 
▪Innate immune response to
intracellular organisms
(viruses) and tumor cells
▪Large, mononuclear,
granular
▪Surface markers-
CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56
26
Q

How do ICLs help in the immune system

A

They secrete cytokines

27
Q

Where can we find the most ILCs ( innate lymphoid cells )

A

intestinal, pulmonary, and
oropharyngeal mucosal
tissue

28
Q

What do B cells differentiate into an when do they so

A

-Plasma cells
-memory cells
they differentiate after the antigen is encountered

29
Q

Plasma vs memory cells time line

A
  • Plasma - die within 1-2 weeks

- Memory cells have a longer life span

30
Q

What do T cells differentiate into

A
  • Effector T cells

* Memory T cells

31
Q

Effector T cells

A
  • T helper cells
  • T regulatory
  • T cytotoxic
32
Q

How does a T cell receptors work

A

Only recognize antigen (peptides) that is bound to cell

MHC

33
Q

T helper cells

A

-CD4
-MHC II (extracellular )
-“help” activation of B cells, TC
cells, macrophages in immune
response

34
Q

T cytotoxic cells

A

-CD8
-MHC I
-Eliminates
virus/intracellular
microbes infected
cells

35
Q

T regulatory cells

A 
-CD4,
CD25 and FOXP3
-suppress the
immune system after
it’s been upregulated(after infection has been cleared )
-▪Maintain tolerance to
self-antigens, and
prevent autoimmune
diseases
36
Q

Memory T cell

A
  • previously encountered and responded

- may be CD4 OR CD8

37
Q

Common ground rules for CD markers

A
  • Most of the have CD45
  • B cells have higher values like CD19,CD20
  • T regulatory has the foxp3

Premidterm Term 3 - Immunology (5 decks)

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