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Block 2 Gross > Lecture 16: Skull > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chordate?

A

Animal/ human with a notochord

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2
Q

Where are the primary senses and the integration center (brain) concentrated in chordates

A

Front of the skull

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3
Q

What is the floor of the box called

A

chondrocranium

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4
Q

What does the bone of the chondrocranium develop from

A

a cartilagenous precursor

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5
Q

What different capsules are located in the chondrocranium

A

olfactory and optic capsules

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6
Q

What are the walls and roof of the box made of

A

dermal scales which developed into skin that eventually joins bone

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7
Q

What are the walls and roof of the box called

A

determatocranium

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8
Q

What bart of the skull does the notochord extend into

A

chondrocranium

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9
Q

What did the respiratory and feeding systems that attach to our skull evolve from

A

Gill arches (7 of them)

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10
Q

What composes the 1st gill arch

A

Upper and lower jaws, malleus, and incus

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11
Q

Is the upper jaw fused to the brain box

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are the malleus and incus a part of?

A

inner ear

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13
Q

How does the first gill arch attach to the brain box

A

cartilage attaches to the bottom of the brain box

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14
Q

What composes the 2nd gill arch

A

Middle ear bone, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and part of the hyoid bone

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15
Q

What composes the 3rd gill arch

A

Bony support for the tongue and hyoid

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16
Q

What do subsequent arches form

A

pharynx, larynx, and trachea

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17
Q

Modified gill arches that associate with the cranium form…

A

splanchnocranium

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18
Q

Which part of the skull has a lot of holes

A

chondrocranium

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19
Q

Which part of the skull consists of the jaw and face

A

Splanchnocranium

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20
Q

Where do vessels and nerve often emerge or enter into the skull

A

Foramina or between components of different origin

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21
Q

What is the internal coratid a. a branch of

A

common coratid a.

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22
Q

What does the internal coratid a. supply

A

brain, chondrocranium (including special senses)

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23
Q

What does the external coratid a supply

A

dermato- and splanchnocranium

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24
Q

What does CN V innervate (which gill arch)

A

first gill arch (jaw)

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25
Q

What does CN VII innervate (gill arch)

A

second gill arch (facial nerve)

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26
Q

What does CN IX innervate (gill arch)

A

3rd gill arch (hypoglossal)

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27
Q

What supplies the remaining 4 gill arches?

A

CN X (vagus)

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28
Q

Does CN V provide sensory and motor innervation to the upper and lower jaws

A

It only provides motor innervation to the lower jaw because you can not move the upper jaw

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29
Q

Where are the two frontal bones fused

A

At metopic suture

30
Q

What do the frontal bones articulate with?

A

Nasals, sphenoids, zygomatics, parietals, lacrimals, ethmoids, and maxillaries

31
Q

Where do the two nasal bones meet

A

internasal joint

32
Q

What do the nasal bones articulate with

A

frontals and maxillaries

33
Q

What bones form the orbits

A

lacrimals, ethmoids, greater and lesser wings of sphenoid

34
Q

What bones articulate with the zygomatics

A

maxillae, sphenoids, frontals, and temporal

35
Q

What are the sidewall bones of the nose?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior chonchae

36
Q

What is another term for chin

A

mental protuberance

37
Q

Pterigomaxillary fissure

A

Crack between the lateral pterigoid plates and the maxilla- place where n. and branch of external carotid artery exit.

38
Q

The lateral pterygoid plates are a part of what bone?

A

Sphenoid

39
Q

What attaches to the styloid process?

A

Ligament to the hyoid (2nd arch)

40
Q

What are the functions of fontanelles

A
  • Head to conform to shape of birth canal

- Clinical access to cerebrospinal fluid

41
Q

Is the pterion junction a weak or strong joint?

A

Weak

42
Q

Can you determine the rough age of a person based on how open/closed their sutures are

A

Yes more closed= older

43
Q

What is bone growth in the skull determined by

A

brain size

44
Q

Hydro and microcephaly

A

microcephally- small head (usually associated with small brain.

Hydrocephaly- Large head associated with large brain

45
Q

Describe the bone arictecture in the skull

A

2 compact layers of bone with spongy bone in between

46
Q

What is the spongy bone between the compact bone called?

A

Diploe

47
Q

What are the names of the inner and outer layers of compact bone respectively

A

Inner and outer table

48
Q

Diploic veins

A

veins that run in the diploe

49
Q

Emissary veins

A

Penetrate the inner and outer tables to communicate with the diploes- Veins responsible for spreading infections throughout the head

50
Q

In the splanchnocranium, structures are made of cartilage (Meckel’s cartilage) and does not ossify, whats the exception to this?

A

The upper and lower jaws.

51
Q

What is the neocortex and what protects it?

A

Part of the cerebral cortex concerned with sight and hearing- protected by lofts over orbits

52
Q

What is the cribriform plate

A

A sieve in the ethmoid bone where CN I enters along with anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves

53
Q

What attaches to the crista galli

A

falx cerebri

54
Q

How many CN enter the middle cranial fossa?

A

5

55
Q

What CN go through the superior orbital issue?

A

CN III, IV, V1, and VI

56
Q

What is CN V1

A

CN V has 3 Branches: V1- is the ophthalmic branch which is sensory only to the forehead and scalp

57
Q

What CN goes through the optic foramen

A

CN II

58
Q

What is the junction between the brain box and face

A

Superior orbital fissure

59
Q

Location of the optic foramen

A

lesser sphenoid

60
Q

What goes through the foramen rotundum

A

CN V2- sensory to the maxilla

61
Q

What goes through the foramen ovale

A

CN V3- Sensory and motor to the mandible

62
Q

What runs through the foramen lacerum

A

internal carotid a. and pathway for greater superficial petrosal nerves (taste for preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN VII)

63
Q

What runs through the coratid canal

A

internal carotid a

64
Q

What does the internal coratid a cupply

A

chondrocranium, brain, and special senses

65
Q

What goes through the foramen spinosum

A

meningeal a.

66
Q

What does the meningeal a supply

A

meninges and dermatocranium

67
Q

What junction does the foramen spinosum lie in

A

edge of dreamt- and chondrocranium

68
Q

How many cranial nerves pass through the posterior cranial fossa

A

6

69
Q

What runs through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

70
Q

What runs through the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, and XI and internal jugular v.

71
Q

What runs through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII exits

Block 2 Gross (11 decks)

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