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Block 2 Gross > Lecture 13: Glands/Lymph/Blood Supply to Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Glands/Lymph/Blood Supply to Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Role of inferior vena cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

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2
Q

Role of venous portal system

A

Allows absorbed nutrients to be returned to liver via hepatic portal vein.

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3
Q

What is the one main lymphoid organ in the abdomen

A

Spleen

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4
Q

Where does the spleen reside

A

Upper left quadrant (left hypochondriac region)

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5
Q

What is the largest aggregation of lymphoid tissue in the body?

A

Spleen

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6
Q

What are the two main regions of the spleen

A

Visceral and diaphragmatic surface

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7
Q

What are the subdivisions of the visceral surfaces

A

Gastric, renal, colic sufaces, and hilus

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8
Q

Gastric surface

A

Superior boarder that comes into contact with the stomach notched

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9
Q

Renal surface

A

Mostly on the posterior aspect of the spleen where it contacts the left kidney

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10
Q

Colic surface

A

Contacts transverse colon

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11
Q

Renal hilus

A

Where the vessels enter and leave the spleen. 2 ligaments attach to the hilum

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12
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the hilus

A

Gastrosplenic, and Splenorenal ligaments

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13
Q

Arterial blood supply to the spleen

A

Splenic artery

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14
Q

What arteries are contained in the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic a.

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15
Q

What are the structures held in the splenorenal ligament

A

Tail of pancreas and splenic artery and vein

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16
Q

What are the two recesses that the spleen sits in

A

Renal and gastric recesses

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17
Q

Posterior to what ribs lies the spleen?

A

Ribs 9-11

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18
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver

A

Right (big), Left, Caudate, and Quadrate lobes

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19
Q

What are the two fossae in the right lobe

A

Fossa for galbladder and inferior vena cava

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20
Q

Location of caudate lobe

A

Posterior, lies between the fissure for the ligamentum venous and the fossa for the inferior vena cava

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21
Q

Quadrate lobe location and shape

A

Quadrangle anterior lies between the fissure for the ligamentum teres and the gallbladder

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22
Q

Left functional lobe

A

Includes the caudate and quadrate lobe

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23
Q

Blood supply to the left functional lobe

A

Left hepatic a.

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24
Q

Right functional lobe blood supply

A

Right hepatic a.

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25
Q

What are the two main surfaces of the liver

A

Diaphragmatic (dome shaped) and visceral surfaces (flat)

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26
Q

Is the liver covered in paritoneum?

A

Yes except for the bare area

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27
Q

What creates the bare area

A

Reflection of coronary ligaments on diaphragmatic surface

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28
Q

What are the 5 peritoneal ligaments that attach to the liver

A

Falciform ligament, lesser omentum, ligamentum teres, ligamentum venosum, and coronary ligament

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29
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Attaches the liver to the anterior body wall, path go umbilical vein, derivative of ventral mesentery

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30
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Remnant of umbilical v. contained within falciform ligament

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31
Q

Ligamentum venosum

A

Remnant of ductus venosum, connected to portal vein via inferior vena cava in embryo

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32
Q

Coronary ligaments

A

Attach liver to diaphragm

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33
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Connects stomach to liver

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34
Q

What are the two ligaments in the lesser omentum

A

Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligament

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35
Q

Role of umbilical vein in embryo

A

Brough O2 and nutrients from mom to fetus

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36
Q

What was the role of the ductus venosum in embryo

A

Role was to shunt blood away from the liver and into inferior vena cava remanent of ductus venosum

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37
Q

Porta hepatis

A

H shaped fissure on the visceral surface of the liver. Considered the gateway into the liver. Contains the left and right hepatic arteries, right and left bile ducts, and hepatic portal vein

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38
Q

What does the hepatic artery proper arise from

A

common hepatic a.

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39
Q

What are the two branches of the hepatic artery proper

A

left and right hepatic arteries (supply the left/quadrate/caudate lobes and the right lobe respectively)

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40
Q

Different regions of the gallbladder

A

Fundus, body, neck

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41
Q

Where does the gallbladder lay?

A

The the visceral surface of the liver in the gallbladder fossa

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42
Q

Is the gallbladder covered in peritoneum

A

Yes

43
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Concentrate and store bile

44
Q

Where is the bile in the gallbladder released

A

Cystic duct

45
Q

What is the arterial supply to the gall bladder

A

Cystic artery

46
Q

What does the cystic artery branch off of?

A

The right hepatic a.

47
Q

What are the origins of the left and right bile ducts

A

liver

48
Q

What do the left and right bile ducts combine to form?

A

The common hepatic duct

49
Q

What makes up the Common bile duct

A

When the cystic duct joints the common hepatic duct

50
Q

Where does the common bile duct enter to secrete bile?

A

Descending duodenum in ampulla of vater

51
Q

What guards the entrance of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct at the major duodenal papilla?

A

The sphincter of Oddi

52
Q

What does the sphincter of Oddi consist of?

A
  • Choledochal sphincter around the distal portion of the common bile duct
  • Hepatorenal sphincter around the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
53
Q

When is bile released?

A

When chyme is present in the duodenum

54
Q

If there is no food in the duodenum with the sphincter of Oddi be open or closed?

A

Closed- allowing the bile to travel back into gallbladder.

55
Q

Choledochal sphincter

A

This is the part of the sphincter of Oddi that controls the common bile duct. strips= muscle. Part over common bile duct (strongest part)

56
Q

Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?

A

Both. Endocrine function= Secrete insulin. Exocrine function= release lipase and other digestive enzymes

57
Q

What regions of the abdomen are the pancreas located in

A

The epigastric and left hypochondriac

58
Q

3 parts of the pancrease

A

head, body, tail

59
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas sit

A

in the C-shaped curve of the duodenum

60
Q

Uncinate process

A

Region of the head of the pancreas that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels

61
Q

What part of the pancreas is not secondarily retroperitoneal and why?

A

The tail because it is taken up by the splenorenal ligament

62
Q

Blood supply to the pancreas

A

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.a and splenic a. (to body and tail)

63
Q

Embryology of the ventral and dorsal parts of the pancreas

A

large dorsal and small ventral component. Fusions of these two creates a main and accessory pancreatic duct.

64
Q

Divisions of arterial branches that supply the abdominal wall

A

Unpaired visceral, paired visceral, paired parietal, unpaired parietal , and terminal branches

65
Q

List the unpaired arteries in the abdominal wall

A

Celiac trunk, Superior mesenteric, and Inferior mesenteric a.

66
Q

What are the paired visceral arteries in the abdomen

A

Renal arteries, testicular/ovarian arteries, and middle suprarenal arteries

67
Q

What are the Unpaired Parietal arteries of the abdomen?

A

Median sacaral artery

68
Q

What are the paired parietal arteries of the abdomen

A

Inferior phrenic a. and lumbar a.

69
Q

Embryonic formation of the pancreas

A

There are 2 pancreases when we start. Little ventral pancreatic bud and large dorsal pancreatic bud in embryo. Duodenum straight at this point. The gut then rotates causing ventral pancreatic bud with bile duct and duodenum to swing to the back. Ventral pancreatic bud joins the dorsal pancreatic bud. This is why the Head is always lower than the body and tail.

70
Q

At what vertebral level is the celiac trunk

A

T12

71
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric a emerge

A

Behind the pancreas (can’t see well)

72
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric a. emerge

A

Comes out near umbilicus close to the bifrication of the two common iliac arteries

73
Q

Arteries in celiac trunk

A

I know these well- Some reminders

  • Short gastric arteries supply the funds of the stomach.
  • Anastomoses- Inferior and superior pancreaticoduodenal a.a, left and right gastroepiploic a.a. and left and right gastric a.a
74
Q

List the organs supplied by the celiac trunk

A

Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum (forgut portion), spleen

75
Q

What anastomoses represents dual origin of the duodenum from the midgut and forgut

A

The anastomose between the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodeunal a.a

76
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from?

A

Ventral surface of aorta slightly inferior to celiac trunk

77
Q

What organs are supplied by the superior mesenteric a.

A

duodenum (midgut region), jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

78
Q

1st branch of the superior mesenteric a.

A

-inferior pancreaticoduodenal trunk- supplies duodenum and anastomoses with superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

79
Q

2nd branch of the superior mesenteric a.

A

Intestinal arteries- supplies jejunum and ileum forming a series of arches (arterial arcades and vasa recta)

80
Q

3rd Branch of superior mesenteric a.

A

Ileocolic a.- Supplies cecum, appendix, and ascending colon

81
Q

4th branch of superior mesenteric a

A

Right colic a.- ascending colon and hepatic fluxure- not commonly seen in majority of individuals (normally formed by anastomoses between the middle and ileocolic a.a)

82
Q

5th branch of superior mesenteric a

A

Middle colic- Supplies 2/3 of transverse colon

83
Q

Location of inferior mesenteric a

A

Just above the bifurcation of the aorta into the common iliac a.a

84
Q

Organs supplied by inferior mesenteric a.

A

Remained of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum,

85
Q

1st Branch of the Inferior mesenteric a.

A

Left colic- supplies the 1/3 left portion of transverse colon and splenic flexor of descending colon. Has an inferior and superior branch

86
Q

2nd branch of the inferior mesenteric a.

A

Sigmoid arteries- supply sigmoid colon (there are 4-6 sigmoid arteries)

87
Q

3rd branch of inferior mesenteric a.

A

Superior rectal arteries- Supplies superior portion of the rectum

88
Q

Marginal artery important anastomose

A

Between the middle colic and the superior branch of the left colic. This is important because it is a connection between the superior and inferior mesenteric a.a

89
Q

Renal a

A

Bellow superior mesenteric a supplies the kidneys (paired visceral a.)

90
Q

Testicular/ovarian a.

A

Supply testes and ovaries. High origin depicts the embryonic origin of these organs before their descent (paired visceral a.)

91
Q

Middle suprarenal arteries

A

1 of three blood supplies to suprarenal gland (paired visceral a.)

92
Q

Median sacral a

A

Only unpaired parietal a. arises at the bifurcation of aorta, supplies sacrum, anastomoses with the lateral sacral arteries from the internal iliac arteries

93
Q

Inferior phrenic a.

A

Supplies diaphragm (Paired parietal a)

94
Q

Lumbar arteries

A

Supplies muscles of posterior wall (Paired parietal a)

95
Q

Inferior vena cava two confluences from…

A

Common iliac veins

96
Q

At one vertebral level does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm

A

T8

97
Q

What is the normal direction of blood flow

A

Artery-capillary-vein

98
Q

Direction of blood flow in hepatic portal system

A

Hepatic portal vein-sinusoids-inferior vena cava (Vein-sinus-vein)

99
Q

Purpose of venous portal system

A

Return nutrients absorbed in GI tract to the liver to be metabolized

100
Q

What are the 2 tributaries that form the hepatic portal vein

A

The inferior mesenteric v, superior mesenteric v. and splenic v (most of the time the inferior mesenteric v. does into the splenic v and not the hepatic portal v.)

101
Q

Where does blood flow from the venous portal once the blood has been delivered to the liver

A

sinusoids-capilaries (nutrients absorbed)-Inferior vena cava

102
Q

Anastomoses between systemic and portal circulation (5)

A
  • left gastric v. (portal) to esophageal v. (systemic)
  • Superior rectal v. (portal) with middle and inferior rectal v. (systemic)
  • paraumbilical v (portal) with cutaneous v. of abdominal wall (superficial epigastric v.) (systemic)
  • Splenic and pancreatic v. (portal) with renal veins (systemic)
  • Colic veins with systemic retroperitoneal v.
103
Q

Make sure you read the text in the box at the end of this lecture!!!*

A

Page 81

Block 2 Gross (11 decks)

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