Lecture 16 ORGANOLOGY Flashcards
What is organology?
Organology is the study of the morphology of the organ systems of the body.
It is the study of the morphology of the organ systems of the body.
Organology
A combination of one or more basic tissues forms an ____.
Organ
What are the two types of organ organization?
Tubular organs
Parenchymatous (solid) organs
What are the main components of most tubular organs?
A wall and a lumen
What are the four concentric layers (tunics) of a tubular organ from the luminal surface to the periphery?
- Tunica Mucosa
- Tunica Submucosa
- Tunica Muscularis
- Tunica Adventitia
What are the three layers of the tunica mucosa?
- Lamina Epithelialis Mucosae
- Lamina Propria Mucosae
- Lamina Muscularis Mucosae
What is the lamina epithelialis mucosae?
The epithelial layer of the organ.
A consistent lamina that rests on the basal lamina.
What is being mentioned?
The connective tissue beneath the epithelial layer.
Typically areolar or reticular connective tissue.
Contains small blood vessels and nerves.
In some organs, may contain lymphatic nodules and glands.
lamina propria mucosae
It is composed of one or more layers of smooth muscle cells.
Typically an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.
lamina muscularis mucosae
This has variable occurrence, Present in some organs, absent in others.
Serves as a sharp demarcation between the lamina propria mucosae and tunica submucosa when present.
lamina muscularis mucosae
When absent, the two layers lamina propria mucosae and tunica submucosa blend together inseparably.
lamina muscularis mucosae
Areolar connective tissue with a coarser arrangement than the lamina propria mucosae.
tunica submucosa
What structures may be found in the tunica submucosa?
Large blood vessels, nerve plexi, and autonomic ganglia
Some organs may have glands in this layer
What is the function of the tunica submucosa?
Permits motility of the tunica mucosa.
In the absence of lamina muscularis mucosae, the lamina propria blends with this tissue.
What term is used when the tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa blend together?
Tunica mucosa-submucosa.
What is the general structure of the tunica muscularis?
Usually well-developed with two layers of muscle:
Inner layer is Oriented circularly.
Outer layer is Oriented longitudinally.
What are the primary muscle types found in the tunica muscularis?
Primarily composed of smooth muscle, but in some organs, skeletal muscle may be present.
What structures are found between the two muscle layers?
Vascular structures, neural plexi, and autonomic ganglia.
What are the functions of the tunica muscularis?
Tone of the organ.
Size of the lumen.
Movement of materials through hollow organs.
What is the tunica adventitia composed of?
A collection of loose connective tissue over the periphery of the organ.
A collection of loose connective tissue over the periphery of the organ.
Tunica Adventitia
What structures may be present in the tunica adventitia?
Blood vessels, nerves, ganglia, and adipose tissue.
What structure surrounds the periphery of organs closely associated with coelomic cavities?
Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium), which forms the tunica serosa.
What is the function of the tunica serosa?
Helps with the suspension of organs through the union of the tunica adventitia with surrounding connective tissue or by the reflection of mesothelium and associated connective tissue as mesenteries.
Helps with the suspension of organs through the union of the tunica adventitia with surrounding connective tissue or by the reflection of mesothelium and associated connective tissue as mesenteries.
Tunica Serosa
Has one or more basic tissues.
Parenchymatous Organs
What are the two main components of parenchymatous organs?
- Parenchyma
- Stroma
The specific functional component of the organ.
Parenchyma
The supportive tissue that contains Connective tissue, vasculature, nerves, and lymphatics.
Stroma
Provides metabolic support and structural integrity to the parenchyma.
Stroma
How are small groups of parenchyma arranged?
Surrounded by a fine meshwork of areolar or reticular connective tissue in which vessels and nerves are located.
These groups may be grouped together and surrounded by more coarse areolar connective tissue.
How is the connective tissue of parenchymatous organs related to the capsule?
The connective tissue can be continuous with dense fibrous connective tissue (DWFCT) of the capsule.
What are mucous membranes composed of?
Include some or all components of the tunica mucosa
How are mucous membranes kept moist?
By secretions from cells within the lamina epithelialis and/or glands located in the lamina propria mucosae and/or tunica submucosa.
What are serous membranes composed of?
A layer of mesothelium and associated connective tissue.
Where are serous membranes found?
They line the coelomic cavities.
What keeps serous membranes moist? In serous membrane.
They are moistened by the fluids within these spaces (e.g., peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity).
