Histo LAB EXE 5 Flashcards
What is blood?
Blood is the red liquid that circulates in blood vessels.
What are the two major components of blood?
The two major components of blood are:
Plasma (liquid component)
Cellular elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).
What is the function of red blood cells?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are responsible for the red color of blood and contain hemoglobin, which is a respiratory pigment.
What are the three main types of cellular elements in blood?
three main types are:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes),
White blood cells (leukocytes), and
Platelets (thrombocytes).
What is plasma?
Plasma is the liquid vehicle of blood that is yellowish in color and transparent.
What gives blood its red color?
The red blood cells (erythrocytes) are responsible for the red color of blood.
What is hemoglobin, and where is it found?
Hemoglobin is a respiratory pigment found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen.
What makes white blood cells “true cells”?
White blood cells are considered true cells because they have a nucleus and cytoplasm.
What are the two main categories of white blood cells?
Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)
Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)
What are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
The two types of agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.
What are platelets?
Platelets are small, colorless, non-nucleated cells important for blood coagulation.
What is the primary function of platelets?
Platelets play a crucial role in blood coagulation (clotting).
How do avian blood cells differ from mammalian blood cells?
Avian blood cells may present distinct features that are different from mammalian blood cells.
What are erythrocytes?
Erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks that are rounded in most mammalian species.
How do erythrocytes appear when stained?
Erythrocytes stain pink with routine stains.
What is rouleaux formation?
Rouleaux formation is the stacking or piling up of RBCs on top of each other.
Which species exhibit rouleaux formation?
Canine, feline, equine, and porcine erythrocytes
What causes the central pallor in erythrocytes?
The concavity of the cells causes central pallor (paleness in the middle of the RBC).
Rank the central pallor visibility among different species from most to least prominent.
Most prominent: Canine
Less prominent: Feline
Slight: Equine
Faint: Ovine
Difficult to observe: Bovine
Absent: Caprine
Variable: Porcine
What is a distinguishing feature of neutrophils?
Neutrophils have a lobed nucleus that varies in shape between species.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in canines.
The lobes are joined by narrow strands.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in felines.
The lobes are joined by filaments and are usually coiled.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in equines.
The lobes are clumped, and filaments are rare.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in bovines.
There is one lobe connected to the main nucleus by a filament.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in caprines.
The lobes are connected by filaments.
Describe the neutrophil nucleus in porcines.
The lobes are coiled and connected by strictures, and filaments are rare.
How do avian lymphocytes compare to mammalian lymphocytes?
They resemble their mammalian counterparts in shape, size variation, and function.
What are the characteristics of avian lymphocytes?
They range from small to large in size.
They have a round nucleus and scant cytoplasm.
What is the function of lymphocytes?
They function in the immune response, particularly as T and B cells.
Are lymphocytes common in birds and mammals?
Yes, they are found in high numbers in both birds and mammals.
How do avian lymphocyte counts compare to mammalian lymphocyte counts?
Avian lymphocyte counts tend to be higher than those in mammals.
How do avian monocytes compare to mammalian monocytes?
They are similar in shape, size variation, and function but may appear more vacuolated in birds.
What is the size and shape of monocytes? In avian.
They are the largest type of WBC, with a kidney-shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm.
What is the primary function of monocytes? In avian
They function in phagocytosis and transform into macrophages in tissues.
Are monocytes present in both birds and mammals?
Yes
How do avian monocytes differ in appearance from mammalian monocytes?
Avian monocytes tend to be more vacuolated than their mammalian counterparts.
How do eosinophil granules appear in different species?
Canine: Pale pink, small amount
Feline: Gray-pink, rod-shaped, refractile, numerous
Equine: Gray-pink, large round to oval red
Bovine: Gray-light pink to red, small red
Caprine: Gray-light pink to red, small round red
Porcine: Pale blue, pale pink, orange
Which species have eosinophil granules that are refractile and rod-shaped?
Feline
Which species has pale blue eosinophil granules?
Porcine
How does nucleus visibility differ in eosinophils among species?
Canine: Visible
Feline: Obscured by granules
Equine: Orange obscured by granules
Bovine: Partially covered by granules
Caprine: Obscured by granules
Porcine: Partially obscured by granules
Which species have eosinophil nuclei that are completely obscured by granules?
Feline, Equine, and Caprine
How do basophil granules appear in different species?
Canine: Dissolved by processing
Feline: Many small, round, light lavender
Equine: Purple small granules
Bovine: Metachromatic to blue
Caprine: Purple with red halo
Porcine: Red-purple, coccoid or dumbbell-shaped
Which species’ basophil granules dissolve during processing?
Canine
Which species’ basophil granules have red purple coccoid or dumbbell shape
Porcine
Small Lymphocytes of different species morphology:
Canine is common
Feline is predominant
Equine is predominant
Bovine,caprine, porcine has many small lymphocytes
Large Lymphocytes of different species morphology:
Canine is Rare
Feline is Rare
Equine is Rare
Bovine,caprine, porcine has present medium lymphocytes
Large Lymphocytes of different species morphology:
Canine is common
Feline is predominant
Equine is predominant
Bovine,caprine, porcine has many small lymphocytes
Monocytes of different species morphology: in terms of nucleus
Canine has C- shaped nucleus
Feline has C shaped
Equine is kidney shaped monocyte nucleus
Bovine monocyte nucleus is difficult to identify
Caprine has oval indented or trilobed monocyte nucleus
Porcine has kidney or bean shape monocyte nucleus
