Lecture 16: IPV and Stalking

Question 1

What is the Patriarchal Theory? [4]

Answer 1

• explains that IPV results from male dominance in society.
• Emerged in the 1960s-70s with feminism.
• Some studies show a link between patriarchal beliefs and IPV.
• Critique: Cannot explain why some men in patriarchal cultures do not commit IPV.

Question 2

What is Social Learning Theory? [2]

Answer 2

• IPV is learned from observing violence in family, culture, or media.
• Behavior is repeated if it is rewarded and not punished.

Question 3

In the Social Learning Theory, what are instigators of IPV? [3]

Answer 3

• Aversive: Stressful situations leading to anger.
• Incentive: Belief that aggression helps achieve goals.
• Delusion-related: False beliefs (e.g., jealousy) leading to violence.

Question 4

In the Social Learning Theory, what are regulators of IPV? [3]

Answer 4

• External punishment: Arrest or legal consequences.
• Self-punishment: Guilt or remorse.
• Some perpetrators blame victims instead of taking responsibility.

Question 5

What is the Social Ecological Model of IPV? [1]

Answer 5

Focused on the relationship between multiple levels of influence in understanding IPV

Question 6

What are the [4] factors in the Social Ecological Model of IPV?

Answer 6

• Societal
• Community
• Relationship
• Individual

Question 7

What are [3] relationship risk factors for IPV offending?

Answer 7

• Relationship conflict
• Power imbalance
• Economic stress

Question 8

What are [3] community risk factors for IPV offending?

Answer 8

• Poverty
• Weak legal sanctions
• Low social support networks

Question 9

What are [2] societal risk factors for IPV offending?

Answer 9

• Traditional gender norms
• Cultural acceptance of violence

Question 10

Are there gender differences in IPV risk factors? [2]

Answer 10

• Men:
  
  • Controlling behavior
  • antisocial traits, anger
  • pro-violence attitudes
• Women:
  
  • Trauma history
  • decreased relationship satisfaction
  • violence toward others.

Question 11

What [3] protective factors lower IPV risk?

Answer 11

• Strong peer and family support.
• Positive parental relationships.
• Social programs for at-risk individuals.

Question 12

What is the ODARA risk assessment? [3]

Answer 12

• Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment
• An actuarial risk assessment tool
• 13-item checklist used by police to predict IPV recidivism.

Question 13

What are some of the items included in the ODARA? [4]

Answer 13

• Prior domestic incidents
• Threat to harm or kill
• Victim concern
• Substance use

Question 14

What is the SARA risk assessment? [2]

Answer 14

• Spousal Assault Risk Assessment
• A structured-professional judgment approach
• Evaluates IPV risk in men with history of IPV.

Question 15

[3] Categories in the SARA risk assessment

Answer 15

• Nature of IPV (severity, threats, control).
• Perpetrator risk factors (mental health, employment issues, substance use).
• Victim vulnerability factors (lack of resources, mental health struggles).

Question 16

What is the Duluth Model? [4]

Answer 16

• Most common IPV intervention in the U.S.
• Focuses on male power and control in IPV.
• Aims to ensure survivor safety and hold perpetrators accountable.
• Criticized for ignoring psychological and social factors.

Question 17

What is Canada’s Family Violence Prevention Program? [4]

Answer 17

• CBT-based program for IPV offenders.
• Follows the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) framework.
• Focuses on behavior change, emotional regulation, and relapse prevention.
• More effective than the Duluth Model.

Question 18

Does IPV treatment work? [3]

Answer 18

• CBT-based programs reduce recidivism.
• Programs using the (RNR) framework are most effective.
• The Duluth Model is the least effective.

Question 19

What is Clare’s Law? [4]

Answer 19

• Recent IPV-Related Bill in Canada
• Adopted in some Canadian provinces.
• Allows people to check if their partner has a history of IPV.
• Police can also warn individuals at risk.

Question 20

What is stalking? [3]

Answer 20

• Repeated unwanted contact that causes fear.
• Must be repeated and have no legitimate purpose.
• Legally called criminal harassment in Canada.

Question 21

What are examples of stalking behaviors? [4]

Answer 21

• Repeated calls/messages.
• Following the victim.
• Sending unwanted gifts.
• Threatening the victim or their loved ones.

Question 21

What is the link between IPV and stalking? [4]

Answer 21

• Most stalking is done by someone the victim knows.
• Many cases involve current or former intimate partners.
• IPV stalking often includes physical abuse and coercive control.
• A major risk factor for intimate partner homicide.

Question 22

Who is at higher risk for IPV stalking? [2]

Answer 22

• Young individuals (15-34 years old).
• Those living alone or with shared children.

Question 23

What motivates intimate partner stalking? [4]

Answer 23

• Desire to regain control.
• Anger or revenge.
• Attachment issues.
• Personality disorders (e.g., narcissism, antisocial traits).

Question 24

How do IPV cases with stalking differ from those without? [4]

Answer 24

• More likely to involve on-again, off-again relationships.
• Higher substance use rates.
• More physical harm, property damage, and threats.
• Stalking cases last longer and are more likely to happen in public places.