Lecture 15: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Flashcards
What is Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)? [2]
- Violence between intimate partners (living together, separated, or dating).
- Most common form of violence.
Why is defining IPV difficult? [2]
- Disagreement on what types of abuse count as IPV.
- Prevalence rates change based on definitions.
What is coercive control? [3]
- A form of abuse that focuses on control rather than physical violence.
- Recognized as a criminal offense in the UK.
- Canada is considering criminalization.
[5] Examples of coercive control
- Isolation from family/friends.
- Controlling daily life (e.g., clothing, food, sleep).
- Monitoring via spyware.
- Withholding legal documents.
- Threats to harm loved ones.
How is coercive control linked to other abuse types? [2]
- Higher rates of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse.
- Victims may use violence in self-defense.
What are the [4] general trends in IPV in Canada?
- Rates have declined over time.
- Both men and women experience IPV.
- Women report higher injury rates.
- Highest among young women (12-24 years old).
What can be said about police-reported IPV in Canada? [6]
- Many cases are reported yearly, but actual numbers are likely higher.
- Ex-partners are involved in many cases.
- Most reported victims are women.
- Psychological and financial abuse are often excluded unless chargeable.
- Some provinces have higher IPV rates than others.
- Certain territories have much higher IPV rates, likely due to isolation and lack of resources.
Who experiences IPV in university settings? [1]
1 in 5 university students report being physically assaulted by a dating partner.
What are common issues with police-reported IPV data? [3]
- Many victims don’t report IPV.
- Police data excludes some abuse types (e.g., psychological, financial).
- More cases involve ex-partners.
Do men experience IPV? [2]
- Yes, men make up a significant portion of IPV victims.
- Gender biases in the legal system affect how cases are handled.
What challenges do male IPV victims face? [3]
- Less research and fewer resources.
- Same mental and physical effects as female victims.
- Legal system tends to be less supportive of male victims.
What are the physical effects of IPV? [3]
- Injuries range from minor to fatal.
- Most gender-related homicides of women are committed by intimate partners.
- Push to recognize “femicide” as a separate crime in Canada.
What are other consequences of IPV? [4]
- Sexual health risks (e.g., STIs, unwanted pregnancies).
- Mental health issues (depression, PTSD, substance use).
- Social and financial struggles (isolation, job loss).
- Children who witness IPV are more likely to experience violence later in life.
What are common reasons victims stay in abusive relationships? [6]
- Fear of retaliation.
- Financial dependence.
- Concern for children.
- Emotional attachment.
- Stigma and social pressure.
- Hope that the abuser will change.
How does culture affect IPV? [3]
- Indigenous women in Canada experience IPV at higher rates.
- Some cultural backgrounds normalize IPV due to systemic violence or different gender norms.
- Newcomers may face barriers to reporting (e.g., language, fear of deportation).
Should cultural background reduce IPV sentencing? [3]
- Some argue cultural beliefs should be considered in court.
- Canadian courts have ruled that cultural differences do not excuse IPV.
- All individuals deserve equal legal protection.
How does culture and history play a role in IPV? [2]
- Historical trauma and systemic issues contribute to this.
- Lack of trust in law enforcement reduces access to support.
