Lecture 16: DNA

Question 1

What makes up chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromatin

Question 2

What makes up chromatin?

Answer 2

DNA wrapped around proteins

Question 3

What are histones?

Answer 3

The protein in which DNA is wrapped around

Question 4

Sugar molecule composed of a ring of five carbons as depicted in the pentagon shape

Answer 4

Ribose

Question 5

What makes up the sides of a DNA “ladder”?

Answer 5

Chain of ribose and phosphate molecules

Question 6

Ribose molecules are linked to each other by a phosphate molecule made up of one phosphorus atom and two oxygen atoms. This sequence of ribose and phosphate molecules constitutes what is called _____

Answer 6

Ribose-phosphate backbone

Question 7

4 types of bases (rungs on the ladder)

Answer 7

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 8

Purines

Answer 8

Adenine and Guanine

Question 9

Pyramidines

Answer 9

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 10

DNA helix strand wraps around ________

Answer 10

nucleosomes

Question 11

What are nucleosomes made of?

Answer 11

Histone proteins

Question 12

Cells are enlarging, some are differentiating into specialized cells like epidermis, collenchyma, sclerenchyma and cells in the xylem and phloem tissue that will no longer divide. These differentiated cells stay in

Answer 12

G1

Question 13

Chromosomes in cells like apical meristem cells, vascular and cork cambium or undifferentiated parenchyma cells prepare to divide by replicating their chromosomes

Answer 13

S

Question 14

2 copies of a replicated chromosome are called________

Answer 14

Sister chromatids

Question 15

The place where sister chromatids are held together

Answer 15

Centromere

Question 16

The cell builds up the chemical machinery that it needs for division

Answer 16

G2

Question 17

The cell heads into Mitosis

Answer 17

M