Lecture 11: Fruit Morphology Flashcards
Ripened ovary together with the seeds within that ovary
Fruit
Provides protection to ovules
ovary wall
Formed from a flower with one carpel, or multiple carpels fused together so that it looks like one ; ovary wall ripens into an independent fruit
Simple fruit
fruit formed from ripened ovaries present in one flower with numerous simple carpels; ripened ovary from that 1 flower coalesce into one larger unit
Aggregate fruit (ex raspberries)
develops from the ripened ovaries from a cluster of flowers that are close together
Multiple fruit (ex pineapple)
If dry + the seeds are separate from the pericarp, the fruit is called
dehiscent
If dry + the seed is retained within the pericarp its called
indehiscent
3 simple fruits with a FLESHY pericarp
Drupe
Berry
Herperidium
stone fruit; derived from a single carpel + contains usually one seed. The exocarp is a thin skin, the mesocarp may be fleshy, and the endocarp is hard
Drupe (ex peach)
Simple fruit from a flower with a superior ovary with a fleshy pericarp and many seeds
Berry (ex tomato, grape)
Like a berry, but with numerous fused carpels instead of one. Each section of the reps 1 carpel. The carpels are packed with fluid-filled vesicles that are actually specialized trichomes. Carpels surrounded by tough, leathery exocarp that contains oil glands in pits.
Hesperidium (ex orange)
2 simple fruits with DRY pericarp, DEHISCENT
Legume
Capsule
Dry fruit made up of a single, folded carpel; multiseeded
Legume (ex peas)
Made of several fused carpels
Capsule (ex poppy)
3 Simple fruits with DRY pericarp, INDEHISCENT
Caryopsis
achene
Nut
Fruit from one carpel containing a single seed; pericarp fuses to seeds
Caryopsis (ex corn)
Lime caryopsis, but seed can be threshed so seed is free of pericarp
Achene (ex sunflower)
Ovaries have more than one carpel but through abortion, only one seed matures
Nut (ex acorn)
