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NEURO FINAL > LECTURE 16: cerebral cortex > Flashcards

LECTURE 16: cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the extremity are on the medial and lateral end of the homunculus

A

medial- LE
lateral - UE

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2
Q

the cerebral cortex is made up of ___ matter and mostly what 3 things

A

gray
- granular cells
- pryamidal cells
- interneurons

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3
Q

most cerebral cortex has __ layers of, except for which 2 cortices which only have 3

A

6
olfactory and medial temporal cortices

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4
Q

what is the order of the cortical layers in the cerebral cortex from superficial to deep

A

Molecular layer
External granular layer
External pyramidal layer
Internal granular layer
Internal pyramidal layer
Multiform layer

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5
Q

when was brodmann’s area defined

A

1909

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6
Q

when is the broadmann’s areas more helpful

A

during surgical techniques or research

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7
Q

what are the 5 functional categories of the cerebral cortex

A

primary sensory cortex
secondary sensory cortex
motor planning areas
primary motor cortex
association cortex

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8
Q

what is the function of the primary sensory cortex

A

differentiates intensitities/qualities of sensory info

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9
Q

which fuctional catergory in the cortex handles more complex sensory processing

A

secondary sensory cortex

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10
Q

what is the function of the motor planning areas

A

organization of movement

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11
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex

A

sends descending motor signals

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12
Q

what is the function of the association cortex

A

behaviors
interprets sensations
integrates emotions and memories

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13
Q

what are the 4 primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

A

somatosensory cortex
auditory cortex
visual cortex
vestibular cortex

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14
Q

which cortex is within the central sulcus and post central gyrus

A

somatosensory cortex

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15
Q

the auditory cortex is with in which fissure and which lobe

A

lateral fissures and superior temporal lobe

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16
Q

which cortex is within the calcarine sulcus and adjacent gyro

A

visual cortex

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17
Q

where is the vestibular cortex located within

A

within posterior end of lateral fissure in parieto- insular cortex

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18
Q

what are the 3 secondary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

A

somatosensory
auditory
visual

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19
Q

as a secondary sensory area of the cerebral cortex what does the somatosensory cortex analyze

A

info from primary sensory cortex and thalamus

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20
Q

as a secondary sensory area of the cerebral cortex what does the auditory cortex control

A

sounds heard from memories and categorizes them

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21
Q

as a secondary sensory area of the cerebral cortex what does the visual cortex analyze

A

color and movements

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22
Q

in the visual cortex of the secondary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex the projects to the ____ colliculus guides visual fixation keeping item in __ vision

A

superior
central

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23
Q

what are the 3 sensory neuron pathways to the cortex

A

DCML
spinothalamic tract
trigeminal lemniscus

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24
Q

what does the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) discriminate

A

shapes , textures and size

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25
Q

the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) receives info from ___ , projects to ___ and ___ areas and integrates info from 2 body halves , ___ ,___ and ____

A

S1
motor and limbic
attention , learning and memory

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26
Q

stereogonosis , tactile learning/ memory is part of which cortex

A

secondary somatosensory cortex

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27
Q

which cortex is secondary sensory and association cortex

A

posterior parietal cortex

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28
Q

the posterior parietal cortex receives projections from what

A

S1, S2 , visual systems , and others involved in attention and motivation

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29
Q

which cortex has the highest degree of convergent somatosensory info

A

posterior parietal cortex

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30
Q

what does the secondary auditory cortex classify as?

A

sounds

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31
Q

the primary auditory cortex receives info from the __ of both ears thru pathway that synapses in ____ colliculus and ___ ____ body (thalamus) then to the ___

A

cochlea
inferior
medial geniculate body
cortex

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32
Q

the vestibular cortex receives info about what thru what

A

about head position relative to gravity and head movement thru vestibular nuclei , ipsilaterally and contralterallt

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33
Q

some sources have the primary vestibular cortex in the ___ hemisphere, and some say its in both

A

right

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34
Q

the primary visual cortex is a pathway from the ___ to the ___ ___ body (thalamus) to the cortex

A

retina
lateral geniculate

35
Q

which visual cortex Differentiates light/dark, shapes, locations, mvmts

A

primary

36
Q

the secondary visual cortex does what

A

color and motions

37
Q

the secondary visual cortex projects to what for visual fixation

A

superior colliculus

38
Q

the action stream comes from what ? and then goes thru what ? and what does it adjust

A

comes form the secondary visual cortex dorsally thru the posterior parieto lobe to the frontal lobe

  • adjust limb movements
39
Q

the perception stream comes from what ? and then goes to what ? and what does it recognize

A

come From 2ndary visual cortex ventrally to temporal lobe
- Recognizing object

40
Q

the action stream and the perception stream are apart of the ___ cortices and run ___ of each other

A

visual
independently

41
Q

the parietotemporal association cortex deals with ___ and ___ ____

A

intelligence and problem solving

42
Q

understanding of communication comes form which association cortices

A

parietotemporal association cortex

43
Q

the parietotemporal association cortex constructs image of ___ ___ and ___ ___

A

own body and planning movements

44
Q

which association cortices is invovled with self awareness and executive function

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

45
Q

the ventral dorsal prefrontal association cortices involves __ and ____

A

mood and affect

46
Q

the medial dorsal prefrontal association cortices perceives others ___ and makes ___ about what others believe and their intentions/personality/emotions/motivation

A

emotions
assumptions

47
Q

which association cortices is for impulse control , reactions to surrounding and personality

A

ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association
cortices

48
Q

the primary motor cortex is responsible for

A

execution

49
Q

the primary motor cortex is a source of most neurons of the ___ tract

A

corticospinal

50
Q

what does the primary motor cortex control

A

contralateral fractionated movements

51
Q

what is the pre motor cortex invovled in

A

execution and planning

52
Q

which motor cortex has 20-30% of corticospinal tract neurons, esp trunk and shldr girdle

A

pre motor cortex

53
Q

the premotor cortex has ____ postural adjustments

A

anticipatory

54
Q

what is the supplemental motor area responsible for

A

motor planning
movement initiation
planning biannual and sequential movements

55
Q

what is the order of perception and action

A

primary sensory cortex
secondary sensory cortex
association cortex
motor planning areas
primary motor cortex

56
Q

what is agnosias

A

having inability to recognize object (visual) and sounds (auditory) , despite having intact vision or hearing

57
Q

what is a disorder of the ventral visual stream

A

visual agnosia (visual object agnosia)

58
Q

what is prosopognosia

A

inability to recognize faces visually

59
Q

what is a disorder of the secondary auditory cortex

A

auditory agnosia

60
Q

what is anosagnosia

A

inability to recognize deficits

61
Q

what is the disorder of the secondary somatosensory cortex

A

astereognosia

62
Q

what is Astereognosia

A

cannot describe object in hand , even tho intact iwht light touch sensation

63
Q

what is the disorder of the dorsal visual stream

A

optic ataxia

64
Q

what is optic ataxia

A

inability to use visual info to direct movements

65
Q

which part of the parietal cortex dominates control of attention

A

the right side

66
Q

hemineglect - damage to PPC is the inability to ____ ___ ___ or even own body , in portion of space , despite fact that ____ ___ , __- ___ and ___ ability remain intact

A

attend to objects
visual acuity , somatic sensation and motor

67
Q

if the primary motor cortex damage what will happen

A

loss of fractionated movements
weakness
dysarthria

68
Q

if there is a lesion in the motor planning area what 2 areas will be damaged

A

supplementary motor area and premotor cortex

69
Q

if lesion of supplementary motor area , what will the person show

A

hemiparesis/hemiplegia

70
Q

is there is a lesion in the supplementary motor area the long term deficits are only in ___ ___ hand movements

A

anti phase

71
Q

what is damaged if there is a lesion in the pre motor cortex

A

speed and automaticity of reaching/grapsing
movement sequences
postures and gait

72
Q

when are outcomes worse for motor lesions

A

when premotor cortex is injured in addition to primary motor cortex than primary motor cortex alone

73
Q

if there is damage to the inferior frontal gyrus which language center is injuried

A

bocas area

74
Q

what is perseveration of motor planning areas

A

uncontrolled repetition of movement

75
Q

what is apraxia /dyspraxia

A

motor planning deficits

76
Q

what is ideational impairments of motor planning areas

A

inability to use objects appropriately , esp when sequence is necessary

77
Q

what is ideomotor impairments of the motor planning areas

A

inability to develop movement sequence , esp to common or to mimic activity

78
Q

if someone has a magnetic gait what does that mean

A

true apraxia

79
Q

what are the 4 As for cerebral cortex disorders

A

aphasia
apraxia
agnosia
astereognosis

80
Q

which neglect is more common

A

L side neglect from R hemisphere lesion

81
Q

if someone has a R hemisphere lesion what side will be neglected ?

A

left

82
Q

if someone has a L hemisphere lesion what side will be neglected ?

A

rigght side barley

83
Q

more visual info comes from which side of the brain

A

right

84
Q
A

NEURO FINAL (10 decks)

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