lab 8: visual , auditory and vestibualr systems Flashcards
what is the function and innervation of the superior rectus
elevate the eyes , causes cornea to move superiorly
CN3
what is the function and innervation for the inferior rectus
depresses the eyes , causes the cornea and the pupil to move inferiorly
CN 3
what is the function and innervation of the medial rectus
adduction of the eye
CN 3
what is the function and innervation of the laterla rectus
moves eye laterally and CN 6
what is the function and innervation of the superior oblique
rotates the eyes downward and away from midline
CN 4
what is the function of the inferior oblique
elevation , abduction and extorsion of the eye
what would happen if CN 3, 4 , and 6 has lesion
paralysis of the eye
where is the optic nerve
from eyeball to optic chiasm
where is the optic tract
after chiasm to nucleus
what is the function of the optic chiasm
allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes
what is the function of the hypothalamus related to vision
controls sympathetic nervous system ( pupil dilation) and parasympathetic nervous system (pupil constriction)
what is the function of the thalamus related to vision
the lateral geniculate nucleus plays an essential role in normal visual processing
what is the function of the superior colliculus
integrates visual , auditory and somatosensory information to initiate orienting movements of eyes and head toward objects
what is the function of the pretectum
controls pupillary light reflex
what is the function for the primary visual cortex
receives visual information from retinas
what is the function of the calcarine fissure
divides the upper and lower visual fields
what is the function of the cuneus (upper bank)
receives visual info from the lower eyes fields
what is the function of the lingual
receives information from the superior eye fields
what is the function of the parieto-occipital sulcus
provides a landmark for defining the location of the primary visual cortex
what’s is the function of the CN 3
movement of eyeball
pupillary contraction and accommodation
what is the function of CN 4
rotates the eyes downward and way from midline
what is the function of CN 6
moves the eye laterally
what is the function of the frontal eye field of cortex
control visual attention and eye movements
elicits saccadic eye movemtsn
how does vision get received from the eye and travel to the cortex
retina > optic nerve > optic chiasm> optic tract> lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus > optic radiations > visual cortex
what would a lesion to the optic nerve causes
blindness in ipsilateral eye
what would a lesion to the optic tract causes
homonymous hemianopsia
what would a lesion to the optic chiasm causes
bitemporal hemianopsia
what would a lesion to the meyers loop causes
a contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia
what would a lesion to the visual cortex cause
homonymous hemianopsia and scotomas with bilateral lesions causing cortical blindness
describe homonymous hemianospia and how it will impact treatments
same halves of the visual field from each eye is lost, you will need to make sure the patient turns their head and body to compensate for the loss of vison
describe neglect and how it will impact treatments
unawareness or unresponsiveness to objects , people and other stimuli. patient will have to turn their head and body a lot to see the affected side
what is the function of CN 8
hearing and balance
what is the function of the superior olive
sound localization
what is the function of the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
carries information about sound from the choclear nucleus to brainstem and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain
what is the funciotn of the reticular formation for the auditory system
effect of sound on CNS
what is the function of the inferior colliculus for the auditory system
serves as the main brainstem nuclei for auditory function
what is the function of the medial geniculate body of the thalamus
directs auditory attention
what is the function of the primary auditory cortex and how is it organized
organized tonotopically, supporting basic auditory functions
what is the function of the secondary auditory cortex
compares sounds with memories of sounds to categorize them
what is the function of the internal acoustic meatus
allows the passes of CN 7 , 8 and labyrinthine artery
describe how sounds get receives from the ear and travels to the cortex
sound waves come into the ear and vibrate the fluid in the cochlea which stimulates hair cells , the hair cells depolarize and send signals to the cochlear nucleus > superior olive > infeiro colliculus > medial geniculate > primary auditory cortex
what is the function of the anterior semicircular canal with ampullae
detects forward and back head movements
what is the function of the posterior semicircular canal
detects head tilt like tipping the head toward the shoulders
what is the function of the horizontal semicircular canal
detects horizontal movements of the head , like swiveling side to side
what is the function of the utricle
orientation and static balance , horizontal tilt
what is the function of the saccule
orientation and balance , vertical tilt
what is the function of the CN 8 in the vestibular system
provides info about one’s body in space and time
what is the function of the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the vestibular system
integrates movements of the eyes and heads to keep balance
what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum
controls balance and eye movements
what is the function of the medial vestibulospinal tract
performs synchronization of the movements of the eyes with the movements of the head
what is the function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract
coordinates orientation of the head and body in space
what is teh function of the reticulospinal tract in the vestibular system
controls posture to help orient head
what is the function of the vestibular cortex
interacts with visual cortex to mediate self perception and balance
what is the function of the parietoinsular vestibular cortex
core region of vestibular input into the cortical region , integrates and processes sensory inputs
what is the function of CN 11 in the vestibular system
helps move the head to keep it oriented
describe how information gets received from the vestibular apparatus and travels to the cortex . differentiate between peripheral and central systems
the peripheral vestibular systems goes all the way from the labyrinth to the connections of the peripheral nerve into the vestibular nuclei
the central vestibular systems includes the central vestibular nuclei in the brain stem , the vestibular cerebellar connection , the vestibular ocular pathways and the vestibular spinal pathways
