lecture 16 - bronchodilators Flashcards
What are the 3 key classes of bronchodilators?
B2 agonists, muscarinic antagonists, leukotriene antagonist
What are the 2 types of B2 agonists?
SABAs (short acting B2 agonists), LABAs (long acting B2 agonists)
What are the 2 types of muscarinic antagonists used in asthma treatment?
SAMAs (short acting muscarinic antagonists), LAMAs (long acting muscarinic antagonists)
What is a key example of a SABA?
salbutamol
What is a key example of a LABA?
Formoterol
Why must B2 agonist bronchoconstrictors have high selectivity?
If they agonise B1 it will cause tachycardia
What is the mechanism of action of SABAs, such as salbutamol?
Stimulate Beta-2 adrenoreceptors in bronchial smooth muscle, which inhibits the entry of calcium ions into the muscle, resulting in bronchodilation
What dosing regimen is recommended for SABAs, such as salbutomol?
Use inhaler as required when symptoms arise, use lowest dose possible, do not used at a fixed interval
Whatare the adverse effects of SABAs?
tremor, tachycardia, paradoxical bronchospasm
Which LABA is fast acting?
Formeterol
What is the indication for LABAs?
nocturnal asthma, exercise-induced asthma, or when other therapies have failed to improve symptoms.
What time of asthma Beta 2 agonists should be used for rapid/rescue relief?
SABAs
What should LABAs be used with?
An asthma controller medication, such as an inhaled corticosteroid
What are the advantages of a fixed dose combination inhaler?
Allow steroids to be delivered, but in lower doses as LABAs are used prophylactically
What are the 2 drug classes combined in a fixed dose combination inhaler?
LABA, glucocorticoid
