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EOM 1 - Test 1 > Lecture 16: Blood > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cellular components of blood? Plasma components?

A

Cellular: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets Plasma: Liquid portion, water, proteins, organic compounds, salts

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2
Q

What is the difference vs “Plasma” and “Serum” in a clinical setting?

A

Plasma has anticoagulants in the tube, whereas serum does not

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3
Q

What is the lifespan for a normal RBC?

A

120 days

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4
Q

What do RBCs lack?

A

Nuclei / Organelles

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5
Q

What integral membrane proteins are found on RBCs?

A

Ion Channels Antigenic sites for ABO type

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6
Q

What peripheral proteins are found on RBCs?

A

Inner Membrane Anchor

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7
Q

What does spectrin bind to in the RBC?

A

Actin or Ankyrin

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8
Q

How does spherocytosis occur?

A

RBCs for lobes from damage, phagocytized (sp?)

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9
Q

How are Myeloid cells differentiated? What are their categories?

A

Nuclear and cytoplasmic granule qualities Neutrophils (Polys, PMNs), Monocytes, Eosinphils, Basophils

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10
Q

What do monocytes become?

A

Macrophages

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11
Q

What are the Lympoid Cells?

A

B/T Cells, Natural Killer Cells

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12
Q

What are the granule cells?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

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13
Q

What are the agranular cells?

A

Monocytes (usually), T/B Lymphocytes, Natural Killer Cells

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14
Q

What is the primary function of neutrophils? Secondary? What is their nuclear structure?

A

Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase – toxic to bacteria Secondary, role in variety of digestive enzymes 3-5 segmented lobes

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15
Q

How do neutrophils phagocytize bacteria? What is a common example of neutrophils?

A

Pseudopodia Pus

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16
Q

How long to neutrophils live?

A

6-8 hrs in blood, few days in tissues

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17
Q

When are eosinophils primarily seen?

A

Allergies or Parasitic Infections

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18
Q

What is the general appearance of eosinophils?

A

Bilobed nucleus, salmon/pink staining, crystalline granules

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19
Q

What is the general purpose of basophils? Are they common? Size comparison? What situations might you see their presence? What can they produce?

A

Assist in mediating allergic reactions in tissues; no least common–but largest WBC Anaphylaxis; Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions Histamine and Heparin

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20
Q

What is the general purpose / structure of Lymphocytes? How do you distinguish two types?

A

Agranular, thin rim of pale cytoplasm. Life span few days to years. You can not by visual inspection.

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21
Q

T Cells

A

Cell Mediated Immunity

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22
Q

B Cells

A

Humoral Immunity, differentiate into plasma cells

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23
Q

What is the general purpose/structure of monocytes?

A

Usually agranular, w/kidney or oval shaped nucleus–phagocytic cell. Precursor to macrophages, osteoclasts, microglia

24
Q

What is the source of platelets?

A

Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes

25
Q

Where does the majority of blood making occur before birth?

A

Yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow

26
Q

Where does majority of blood making occur after birth?

A

Bone marror of tibia, femur, vertebra, sternum, rib

27
Q

Stem Cells have the ability to what?

A

Self replicate DNA without division

28
Q

Where do myeloid cells reside?

A

Bone Marrow

29
Q

Where do lympoid progenitor cells migrate to?

A

Thymus or spleen, lymph nodes

30
Q

What does cell growth depend on?

A

growth factors and cytokines

31
Q

Why is the spleen/liver bad for adult blood production?

A

Micro environment does not suit function

32
Q

What are the characteristics of stem cells?

A

Can become any cell Non Functioning Not Mitotic (low in numbers)

33
Q

What are the functions of mature cells?

A

Fully differentiated Not self renewing

34
Q

What is the red portion of bone marrow? Yellow? Where is a sample commonly drawn in clinic?

A

Red = Active, Cells Yellow = Inactive, Fat Hip bone

35
Q

What does inactive bone marrow have the potential to do?

A

Become activated in times of stress

36
Q

How long does Erythropoiesis take?

A

1 week w/about 3-5 cell division

37
Q

What is the growth factor for erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoeietin (produced by kidney)

38
Q

What gives developing RBCs their blue color?

A

Polyribosomes

39
Q

What is abundant early in an RBC life? Later? Why this change?

A

RNA Hb RNA abundant to make Hb

40
Q

How long does granulopoiesis take? What is the growth factor?

A

2 weeks GCSF

41
Q

What stage can you differentiate between WBCs?

A

Myelocyte

42
Q

When does is a Meta considered a Band?

A

When nuclear indent is 1/2 Diameter

43
Q

What WBCs can you expect to see in the peripheral blood in a NORMAL patient?

A

Mature cell or band

44
Q

If your percent is X% WBC in blood, what is % in bone marrow?

A

X%

45
Q

As cells become differentiated what is the relationship b/t the nucleus and cytoplasm?

A

Nucleus shrinks, cytoplasm grows

46
Q

What are the two “compartments” for WBCs? How do they exist? Can their relationship change?

A

Marginating Cells and Circulating Cells Homeostatis Yes, in the case of an infection they can shift to circulating cells

47
Q

Where does the final differentiation occur for monocytes?

A

Occurs in tissue after monocyte migrates from blood

48
Q

What is a megakaryoblast? Can they divide? Growth factor?

A

Large cell w/single lobulated nucleus, largest cell in bone marrow DNA replication without division, gives rise ro polyploid megakaryote Thrombopoietin - growth factor

49
Q

What is the source of platelets?

A

Swolle extensions of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm

50
Q

Where do T-Cells mature?

A

Thymus, migrate to lymph and spleen

51
Q

Where do B-Cells mature? What else can these mature into?

A

Marrow, migrate to lymph and spleen Plasma cells w/antibody secretion, or memory cells

52
Q

Where does antigen presentation and immunity occur?

A

Spleen

53
Q
A

Monocyte

Final differentiation occurs in tissue after migrating from blood

Differentiate into variety of cells – including Macrophage

54
Q
A

Lymphocyte

Agranular

T / B Cells

55
Q
A

Basophil

Granule Enzyme: Histamine / Heparin

Mediating allergic reactions to tissues; Anaphylaxis / Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

MINOR Component in Peripheral Blood

56
Q
A

Eosinophils

Granules: Major Basic Protein

Allergic Reactions and Parasitic Reactions

57
Q
A

Neutrophil

Granules: Lysozyme / Myeloperoxidase

Can survive anaerobic environments

Destroys bacteria

Pus

EOM 1 - Test 1 (16 decks)

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