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EOM 1 - Test 1 > Lecture 1: pH, Water > Flashcards

Lecture 1: pH, Water Flashcards

pH, Water, Buffers, H-H Equation

1
Q

Why does water have elevated surface tension, viscosity, and stability?

A

Hydrogen Bonding

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2
Q

What percentage of the body is water for newborns, adults, and eldery?

A

Newborn - 75-80%
Adult - 60-70%
Elderly - 40ish%

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3
Q

How many molecules can a H2O atom bind to?

A

4

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4
Q

How does water affect proteins?

A

Bulk water stabilizes from outside,(keeps in native structure) and aids with solubility

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5
Q

What is normal biological pH?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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6
Q

What two main organs regulate water balance (pH)?

A

Lungs (fast!) , Kidneys (slow!)

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7
Q

What is the molecular weight of water?

A

55.6 g/mol

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8
Q

pH Equation

A

pH = -log[H+]

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9
Q

Define Acid/Base in Bronsted terms

A

Acid - Proton Donor

Base - Proton Acceptor

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10
Q

pKa for -COOH (carboxylic acid)

A

4 ~ 5

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11
Q

pKa for -NH3+ (amine)

A

9 ~ 10

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12
Q

pKa for H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid)

A

6.1

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13
Q

pKa for H2PO4-

A

7.2

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14
Q

What determines extent of dissociation for weak acids?

How do you use this to find pKa?

A

Ka

pKa = -log[Ka]

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15
Q

When does pH = pKa?

A

When [conjugate acid] and [conjugate base] are equal

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16
Q

What is the Henderson Hasselbalch Equation?

How is it used?

A

pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]

– Used to calculate pH or pOH of solution of weak acid using constants

17
Q

Do drugs cross membranes best when neutral or charged?

A

Neutral

18
Q

What are the pKa’s for Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)?

A 
pKa1 = 6.1
pKa2 = 10.2
19
Q

What are the pKa’s for Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)?

A 
pKa1 = 2.1 
pKa2 = 6.8
pKa3 = 12.4
20
Q

What two factors contribute to buffering capacity?

How do you select best buffer for purpose?

A
  1. Molar Conc. of buffer
  2. pKa

Best buffer has pKa close to pH desired (+/- 1) at highest possible concentration

21
Q

What are the two most important buffers in human body?

A

Carbonate and phosphate

22
Q

What is bicarbonate buffer equation?

A

https://www.scienceabc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Carbonate-buffer.jpg

23
Q

How to determine CO2 in bicarbonate buffer equation?

A

Measure pCO2, multiply by conversion factor (0.03 mM/mm Hg)

24
Q

How do the lungs control pH?

A

Reduce pCO2 in blood

25
Q

How do the kidneys control pH?

A

Keep [HCO3-] constant, eliminate acid (H+) by forming NaH2PO4 and NH+ (urine)

26
Q

What affect does HYPOventilation have on pH?

A

Lowers [HCO3-]/[CO2] ratio, LOWERS pH by increasing pCO2

27
Q

What affect does HYPERventilation have on pH?

A

Raises [HCO3-]/[CO2] ratio, RAISES pH by decreasing pCO2

28
Q

Define Isohydric Transport

A

Transport of CO2 w/out changing blood pH

EOM 1 - Test 1 (16 decks)

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