Lecture 16 (20) Flashcards
What is the classical ecological approach to nutrition?
To collapse Nutrition into a single entity e.g energy
What does top down and bottom up refer to in nutrition?
Nutrition-mediated immune responses (top down)
Direct nutritional effects on parasite growth (bottom up)
Is it immunity or resources that aid in parasite resistance?
Immunity - nutrients in the diet could be used to produce a strong immune response to fight off parasites
Resources- parasites have to use the nutrients inside the host to grow, and may grow best in a host with a particular nutritional composition
How is host immunity measured?
As the expression of immune-related genes
How is host survival driven?
By protein!
Speak of kill massively increases as protein content of the diet declines. So more protein = better survival rates for the animal
What is bacteria growth rate driven by?
Protein!
Lower protein levels = higher bacteria levels
How are non-communicable diseases caused?
By deficiencies or excess of macro or micronutrients
Most likely to occur on ‘unnatural diets
E.g. Pets/farms/zoos and humans on depleted diets and wildlife under anthropogenic influence
What would happen if a ruminant or a foregut fermenter was deficient in carbohydrates?
Hypoglycaemia
Reduced muscle mass as protein is broken down for energy
Ketoacidosis
Weight loss
What would happen if a ruminant or a foregut fermenter had excess carbohydrates?
Rumen acidosis
Diarrhoea
Bloat
What would happen if you where deficient in vitamin A?
Impaired vision ‘night blindness’
Increased susceptibility to microbial infections
Infertility
What would happen if you had excess vitamin A?
Liver disease
High levels of retinol interfere with other fat soluble vitamins, esp vitamin D
Bone problems
What would happen if you are deficient in vitamin D?
Causes rickets
What would happen if you had excess vitamin D?
Excess calcium and phosphorus
Soft tissue calcification of the kidney and heart valves
Renal failure / aortic rupture
What would happen if you are deficient in vitamin E?
Yellow fat disease
White muscle disease
Crazy chick disease
What would happen if you were deficient in vitamin K?
Impairment of blood coagulation
